Othello And Jealousy Essays - Othello, British Films,

Othello And Jealousy Throughout Shakespeare's Othello, the major theme of jealousy is apparent. According to Microsoft Bookshelf, jealousy, by definition, means "resentful or bitter in rivalry." The tragedy Othello focuses on the doom of Othello and the other major characters as a result of jealousy. The theme of jealousy is prominent throughout the play as it motivates the characters' actions. In Shakespeare's Othello, jealousy is portrayed through the major characters of Iago and Othello. It utterly corrupts their lives because it causes Iago to show his true self, which in turn triggers Othello to undergo an absolute conversion that destroys the lives of their friends. Iago, "most honest" (I, iii, 7) in the eyes of his companions, is, in fact, truly the opposite. His feelings of jealousy uncovers his actual self. D.R. Godfrey concludes this after hearing Iago state that he "ha' look'd upon the world for four times seven years" (I, iii, 311-2). In his essay, Godfrey explains that Iago "has arrived at one of the great seven year...critical stages" (421) of his life, causing him to become "jealous, embittered, ... [and] vengeful." (421). Iago's dupe, Roderigo, is the only person, in fact, to know this previously; Iago tells Roderigo that he is "not what [he is]" (I, i, 69). He possesses this jealousy because he is distressed that Othello chose Michael Cassio, a"valiant" (II, i, 98), "Florentine...arithmetician" (I, i, 19-20), over himself for the position of lieutenancy. Jealousy "divorces [Iago]...from rationality", Godfrey states (418). This loss of rational causes Iago to"make a life of jealousy" (III, iii, 204) and plots to destroy Othello. Although Iago has a reputation of being "full of love and honesty" (III, iii, 138), he is responsible for destroying many lives and is considered"perhaps one of the most villainous characters in all literature" (Godfrey 422). Iago alludes to Othello that his wife, Desdemona, has been unfaithful with Cassio. Iago initially intends to hurt Othello and make him regret appointing Cassio as his lieutenant; however, he ends up hurting others in the process. Iago's jealousy causes his true character, one of "vicious[ness]" (Godfrey 421), to become noticeable. This, in turn, creates a new Othello to emerge, one"utterly possessed, calling out for blood and vengeance" (Godfrey 418). Othello, considered by A.C. Bradley one of "the most romantic figure[s] among Shakespeare's heroes" (1) and a "dignified" (2) "poet" (1), quickly becomes entranced by Iago's "vengeful[ness]" (Godfrey, 421). Othello, placing entire confidence in Iago's honesty, has been "moved by the warnings of [his]...honest...friend" (Bradley 3). At first, Othello does not believe Iago; but his "degradation is complete" (Godfrey 418) by the end of the "Temptation Scene" (III, iii). Even though Iago produces a minimal amount of proof, a "handkerchief that Iago may have seen Cassio wipe his beard with, and Cassio's alleged...dreams" (Godfrey 418), Othello is completely "possessed by the madness of jealousy" (Godfrey 419). He immediately "passes sentence[s] of death" (Godfrey 418) to Cassio and Desdemona, deciding that Desdemona should die "some swift means of death" (III, iii, 479). One can tell that Iago's jealousy has, in fact, corrupted Othello. This great poet (Bradley 1), Othello, previously had spoken of Desdemona, his wife, as "wondrous" (I, iii, 160) and "Heaven[ly]" (I, iii, 258); after hearing from Iago that Desdemona and Cassio are having an affair, his tone changes and begins to speak like Iago. He begins to use "gross, animal imagery" (Rocchino 3-9-00) to make references to his wife and women in general. For example, he calls Desdemona a "haggard" (III, iii, 261), while also labeling her derogatory names like "lewd minx" (III, iii, 487) and "whore" (IV, ii, 99). Although Othello is most affected by Iago's jealousy, the repercussions on others are very evident. Othello's jealousy destroys his love through his hatred. He can no longer have doubts about his wife's guilt; therefore, he must finally act against it by "assuming the mask of impersonal justice" (Godfrey 420). He must "kill" (V, ii, 32) Desdemona. Even though Desdemona tries to tell him the truth, Othello is completely irrational, refusing to listen (V, ii). Emilia, too, is murdered as a repercussion of Iago's jealousy. When she states the truth that she "found by fortune [the handkerchief] and did give it to [her] husband" (V, ii, 225), Iago, calling her a "villainous whore" (V, ii, 227), stabs Emilia from behind, murdering her. Othello then seriously wounds Iago with his "sword of Spain" (V, ii, 252). He does not want to kill Iago because it is "happiness to die" (V, ii, 289). Instead, he wants him to live a life

Pre-Interview Essay Essay Example

Pre Pre-Interview Essay Essay Pre-Interview Essay Essay Pre-interview Essay 30/01/2013 I would like to follow the CELTA course for quite a few reasons. To begin with, and more importantly, I want to do the course so as to obtain the right qualifications for and English tutor. I think that the CELTA course can provide me, not only with the necessary teaching skills, but also with the highest knowledge of the subject. Moreover, if one already has the education and skills needed this course gives him the opportunity to keep up to date with the English language, because as it is widely known language, in general, keeps evolving and changing. Another important reason that makes me want to follow the course is the fact that CELTA diploma is recognized thru out the world. That is a great advantage as one has the opportunity to work at almost any country he desires. Needless to say that this is of great benefit not only to one’s teaching experience but to him as a person, as he will be able to broaden his horizons by meeting new educational systems and cultures. I believe that I would be a successful teacher of the English language because I am very interested in it, therefore, I would constantly try to enrich my knowledge around it and do my best to be up to date, not only with the language itself but with educational systems so that my students would get the best education possible from me. I am of the opinion that you must love what you do so as to be good at it and teaching is what I love. Other than that, I feel that I am the kind of person that can pass his knowledge to the others. I am friendly and easy-going which makes people around me feel comfortable and able to trust me. On the other hand, I am very organized and focused on my goals, even a little bit of a control freak which I believe make me better at what I do and are some important qualities for a successful teacher.

Check out this Phrasal Verb Breakdown! Workout or Work Out Signup or Sign Up Your Questions Answered.

Check out this Phrasal Verb Breakdown! Workout or Work Out Signup or Sign Up Your Questions Answered. This weekend, I had the pleasure of staying in the Hilton Garden Inn in Schaumburg, Illinois.   On the bedside table was a pamphlet entitled, â€Å"In-Room Comfort Guide.† I happily read about the superlatively comfy bed and pillow I was to sleep on and the ergonomic chair I would sit in while working on my laptop.   Then I turned to the back page of the pamphlet, where it said: Workout in the comfort of your own room. â€Å"Do they mean for ‘workout’ to be a noun or a verb?† I asked myself.   â€Å"Do they mean, ‘Get a workout in the comfort of your own room’ or does the Hilton have editors who do not know that workout is a noun, not a verb?† As I read on, I came to the conclusion that the Hilton’s editors have a few things to learn about grammar.   The first sentence of the paragraph under the headline says: Workout in the comfort of your own guestroom when you check-out our complimentary Stay Fit Kit  ® from the front desk. Oh my!   Not only did the editors miss the fact that the verb to â€Å"work out† is TWO words (known as a PHRASAL VERB), but they also did not realize that â€Å"check out† should be TWO words!   You would think that editors working for a HOTEL would know that check-out is the noun for what you do when you check out (verb) of a hotel. Gearing Up with More Phrasal Verbs! Work out and check out are just two examples of phrasal verbs that many people get mixed up.   One of my pet peeves is a phrase you might see often on websites, â€Å"Signup Here† or â€Å"Sign-Up Here.†Ã‚   â€Å"Sign up† (TWO words) is a PHRASAL VERB like â€Å"work out† and â€Å"check out.†Ã‚   â€Å"Sign-up† or â€Å"Signup† is the noun for the act of signing up.   E.g., â€Å"The sign-up table is down the hall to your right.† Other examples of PHRASAL VERBS are: Break out (noun:   breakout) Stand out (adjective:   standout) Take off (noun:   takeoff or take-off) Make up (noun:   make-up) Count down (noun:   countdown) Break down (noun:   breakdown) Group on (noun:   Groupon) – Just Kidding!!! Foul up (noun:   foul-up) – Get where I’m going here? Dear readers, here’s the point:   Just because there is a word in existence that glues the two parts of a phrasal verb together does NOT mean that you can glue those two words together and have the result still be a verb!   If you want to use a verb plus a preposition (up, down, on, off, etc.) as a verb, keep a space between the two parts of the verb.   Do NOT stick them together or you will end up with a noun or possibly an adjective.   You can do better than those Hilton editors, can’t you? If you have questions or more examples of phrasal verbs that people tend to get confused with their corresponding adjective or noun phrase, please share below! Category:Grammar Writing TipsBy Brenda BernsteinJuly 18, 2011 3 Comments The Essay Expert says: July 22, 2011 at 5:30 pm Thanks for the list Dawna! I dont think Ive ever seen shoot out used as a phrasal verb (of course shoot-out is a noun). What does it mean to shoot out (unless youre a plant)? And is there a word eatout or eat-out? I wonder if people get this one wrong. Log in and Log out are a couple that came onto my radar in the last couple of days! Log in to Reply Penelope J. says: July 31, 2011 at 1:58 pm Enjoyed these examples. Dont have time to compile a set of my peeves. I know they are everywhere, but a Hilton Garden Hotel should not have a glaring grammatical error in their pamphlet. Hope you pointed it out to them or sent them a link to this blog post. Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: July 31, 2011 at 3:15 pm Thanks Penelope! I did send them a trackback. Maybe I should send the link to Corporate too 🙂 Think theyll offer me a job? Log in to Reply

Explain the significance of Hamlet hecuba speech Essay

Explain the significance of Hamlet hecuba speech - Essay Example The significance of this monologue is in expressing the thought of Shakespeare, that the world is theatre, and all people are actors in it. 'World-theater' metaphor is the core of the whole Shakespeare's work. This monologue does not separate him with the First actor, but only makes them closer. It is based on the plot, which is far from being familiar to the English audience of XVII century, and can be supposed the most emotional of all tragedy. By asking 'What's Hecuba to him' Hamlet implies the whole story, taking place in the Danish kingdom, and this question makes Hamlet stand further away from the reader and from himself, making him the commentator of his own story. This monologue is the means of discovering the deep sense of tragedy - the metaphor 'theater-world' and to trace, how sophisticated is the transition from one reality into another. The significance of Hamlet Hecuba speech is in being the principal Shakespeare's means of showing the implications and thoughts of the tragedy. The work is abundant in parallels and comparisons of the reality with the theater. Thus, the significance of the described speech in making this plot line evident can be subjected to no argument.

Distance Learning Techniques in Organizations Essay

Distance Learning Techniques in Organizations - Essay Example Some more numbers below put into perspective the growing trend in distance learning (Sloan consortium): Among companies also, there are similar trends emerging which show that organizations are increasingly shifting their thinking towards distance training. According to Dr. Amy Finn (Chief Learning Officer at Centra Software), â€Å"smart organizations know that e-learning is a strategic solution that must be deployed throughout their organization. It is no longer a question of â€Å"if,† but â€Å"when.† e-learning is becoming and will continue to be a part of the organizational infrastructure, similar to mail packages and other suites of products used to increase organizational productivity.† The method of training is being changed from the traditional classroom training in order to reduce travel and per diem cost. In order to be focused and relevant, we need to first define what we are trying to achieve. Therefore, we could define the scope of â€Å"training from distance† as: Having identified the various instructional media and techniques, we can now look in details the pros and cons for each. This would help identify the most suitable technique to undertake in different situations. There are two types of learning environments depending on whether or not the trainees receive the inputs at the same time as the trainer imparts the training. If the trainees receive the inputs at the same time as the trainer imparts the training, it is called asynchronous learning environment.  

The Handmaid tale essay Essay Example for Free

The Handmaid tale essay Essay Everything except the wings around my face are red: the color of blood, which defines us. The skirt is ankle length, full, gathered to a flat yoke that extends over our breasts the sleeves are full, (9). Through this detailed imagery, the quote shows the restrictions on the handmaids and how they cant expose themselves to the men of Gilead, the color and appearance of the clothing is simple and boring, reflecting on their jobs as handmaids who just have one specific duty and that is to repopulate Gilead, their lack of freedom is shown as they have no choice, personality and individuality. The shoes flat-heeled shows that they cant present their sensuality, on the other hand, the wives that wear high heels shows power, control and a stimulant for sexual needs. The importance of the color red to the comparing of blood symbolizes fertility and womanhood; it also symbolizes danger for the people of Gilead to stay away from the handmaids. It also reminds the reader of a fairytale the little red riding hood hence, it is ironic because the life of a handmaid is nothing like a fairytale and they are represents political prostitutes. Moreover Gileads regime is extra strict on females, the violence towards is seen during the mass execution. Beneath the hems of the dresses the feet dangle, two pairs of red shoes, one pair of blue. If it werent for the ropes and the sacks it could be a kind of dance, a ballet, caught by flash-camera; mid-air. They look arranged. They look like showbiz. (346), through this visual imagery and simile, something brutal like death is presented as a performance of some sort. In this extract, Gilead is shown to have power and isnt afraid to take lives of females, and someones life has no value in Gilead, because everyone can be easily replaced. Furthermore, the men in Gilead are sexist; they enforced strict laws on the women of Gilead so they wouldnt be able to commit sinful acts like rape. Even though these laws were there to protect women, through the character of the Commander and the doctor the reader sees their sufferings and their manipulation of the law to get what they want, sex. The women in this novel, more specifically the handmaids symbolize sex because they are victims of this sexual thrust that the men of Gilead face. Through the Commander, the reader learns about his perspective on women of pre-Gilead and Gilead. Inability to feel. Men were turning off on sex. (263) The commander states that he had to make these laws so the men of pre-Gilead could feel, but the Commander didnt care for the females and their emotions, he had an anti-feminist perspective and decided to categorize females for his advantage. Likewise, it illustrates how men only want women to fulfill their sexual needs. In fact, they would not want to deal with elements of relationships such as love and emotions. Another example of sexism is at the night of the ceremony where the male figure, the commander is given the authority and power to begin the ceremony. Hes like a man toying with a steak, behind a restaurant window, pretending not to see the eyes watching him form hungry darkness. (110) The commanders character represents a figure of power and authority in this context, Atwood displays him as a leader of the household but him abusing his power to visit clubs like Jezebel proves that he has no respect for females and the laws that he enforced on the males and females of Gilead doesnt apply to him because he thinks of himself as a superior being, over the guardians and angels. In fact, they would not want to deal with elements of relationships such as love and emotions. Moreover, certain men in Gilead had the power to accuse women of acts that they didnt commit. The character of the Doctor is an example of this, who abused his power to victimizes a females and get sex. Upon seeing Offreds body, he trys to force Offred into having sex with him and he manipulates her by stating that he can get her pregnant and no one know. This is evident through the quote, He takes his hand away, lazily almost, lingeringly, this is not the last word as far as hes concerned. He could fake the tests, report me for cancer, for infertility, have me shipped off to the Colonies, with Unwomen. None of this has been said, but the knowledge of his power hangs nevertheless in the air as he pats my thighs (76). This illustrates how male could easily break the rules without getting in trouble while the females of Gilead have no rights or power. Even if the doctor was to be reported, the authorities would take his side instead of the woman. Therefore, such characters with power seem to get what they want and they misuse females for their sexual pleasures. Hence, females have always been victims of these sexual predations. In addition to this, there is sexism in the futuristic society after Gilead, where the speaker, Professor Piexioto, jokes about the Underground femaleroad, and refers to as a frailroad, meaning a weak or breakable road suggesting that females are weak and easy to repress upon. The professor seems more interested in the identity of the Commander but not the human sufferings of Offred who was victimized by the Commander and the regime of Gilead. It is ironic that during this conference the minority were females, only one female professor was present at the conference which proves that even though this society, the society of 2195, is still sexist, some female rights have been reclaimed. In conclusion, The Handmaids tale presents extreme forms of sexism and hatred towards females, and repetition of this sexism is present in cultures preceding and following Gilead which proves that sexism is widespread in societies, today. Usually females are targeted to physical and emotion abuse from men, this is not only wrong but something that scars one for life. Men are men and women are women. Both have some specialties. And in that particular area one should be respected by the opposite and should be assigned to lead. So leading an example and not becoming a bystander will contribute to the awareness of sexism and equality can be formed. And even though it is in human nature for men to manipulate and take advantage of females, females should take a step and fight for their rights. Therefore, the message is that females should not be contended within their society and should change for their benefits.

Shakespeares Merchant of Venice and Othello: Shylock vs Iago Essay

The Merchant of Venice and Othello: Shylock vs Iago      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Shakespeare's use of timeless themes make his works relevant to the modern reader.   His two plays "The Merchant of Venice" and "Othello" deal with the seeking of revenge and forbidden love.   In "The Merchant of Venice," Shylock, the main character, is a Jew who loans money and charges interest.   Shylock has an enemy named Antonio who also loans money to people, but without interest.   Iago is a character in "Othello" who has been passed over for a position as Othello's right hand man.   He feels that he deserves the position not the person who received it, Cassio.   Both of these characters want revenge from the people whom they perceive as having done them wrong and will stop at nothing to have their way.   In other words, Shylock and Iago are similar in that they want revenge.   However, there are also many differences in each character that demonstrate that they are in many ways polar opposites.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are many similarities between Iago and Shylock.   One is that they both want revenge from another person.   Shylock wants revenge from Antonio because he has made him look bad in front of the rest of the people of Venice.   Shylock being a moneylender charges interest to the people who borrow money.   On the other hand, Antonio also is a moneylender, but does not charge interest. Iago also wants revenge because he feels that he has been cheated out of a position that he feels he deserves.   The position that he did not get was that of Othello's lieutenant, which was given to Cassio who has knowledge about combat from books.   Iago feels that he has more real experience and that he should have been the one to take that position.   Another similarity is that both charac... ...o does not have to do much to spring his plan into action because everyone believes everything that he says because he is "honest Iago" (1.3.297).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Shylock and Iago are two of the most interesting characters created by Shakespeare.   Their personalities and characteristics make them who they are.   These characters do have some similarities, on the other hand, are different as night and day.   Each one has a different motive for revenge, and also they both go about it in different ways.   Iago will stop at nothing.   Shylock has the reader's sympathy.   Still their desire for revenge ruins them in the end.    Works Cited Shakespeare, William. The Merchant of Venice. 1967. Ed. W. Moelwyn Merchant. The New Penguin Shakespeare. London: Penguin Books, 1996. - - -. Othello. 1968. Ed. Kenneth Muir. The New Penguin Shakespeare. London: Penguin Books, 1996.   

The Italian Retreat from Modern Architecture

‘The Italian Retreat from Modern Architecture: Gig Pont', Nonlinearity and others Italy is decentralized in Europe, south side ripping Transition Interview Difficult position in the way they accept refugees, pressures Italy have never been absolute 1860- unified by man but not unified in region, approaches to life, culture and language vary great amounts between cities of Italy. 1959?Renee Bonham Nonlinearity, the Italian retreat from modern architecture Attacking individualistic new Italian architects that were trying to be dedicate in the way they developed architecture, Just interested in themselves Guide Canella, a page from the article on the ‘Amsterdam School' Renee Bonham, conclusion of his article in The Architectural Review Ernest Nathan Rogers, ‘Continuity' o crisis? ‘ (Continuity of crisis? ), Isabella, no. 1 5, April-May 1957 early 20th century example of modern architecture, not an white clean architecture of machine Bonham is English, cannot unde rstand how Italians perceived architecture, they did not see it was something that could revolutionize or save the world. ‘Nonlinearity the type of architecture that was used in certain parts of Europe around he end of 19th century beginning of 20th common ground, trying to shift from 18th and 19th century architecture but was not interested in architecture as a machine and that direction Bonham is much more black and white, Isabella, no. 1 5, April-May 1957, content page with image of project in El Heaver by Pepper Eduardo Persist, Salad Della Aviators (Victory Room), VI Triennial, Milan, 1936 Adulterate Liberal, Case Maladapted, Capri island, Naples, 1938-40 Window Frames- full of matter Floor- not a functions type of modernist Window back of fireplace, sense of merging with the sun and the yellow orange lames of the fire. Onto born 1891-1979, generation of El Sorbs product of Italy TM most prominent architect that tried to understand bourgeois importance of discussion rathe r than getting to a point founder and director of Dooms magazine director of Stile magazine Gig Point, Mate laureateship (In praise of Architecture), book, 1957, cover page Gig Pont', Laureateship e' UN Cristal (Architecture is a crystal), (a publication that was published a bit earlier) Stile magazine, cover page Misaims Campaign, portrait of the Point family, painting ads for Richard Ignoring products, Dooms no. 1 GIG point,Gig Pont', kitchen plates for Richard Ignoring, 1923-25 , Vase, ceramic work Gig Pont', Hands, ceramic work House in via Rancid, Milan, 1924-26 point, Gig Point, House in via Rancid, Milan, 1924-26 point, Vile Boutique, Searches, 1925-26 El Couriers, Vile Stein, Searches, 1927 Comparison of two houses El Sorbs machine type of plan Built same time but different era's Gig Pont', Vile Bouillon, Searches, 1925-26, view Gig Point, House in Via Domenici, Milan, 1928-30 Gig Pont', House in Via Domenici, Lantern on the rooftop Fillips Brucellosis, Lantern on top of dom e, S. Maria del Floor, FlorenceGig Pont', Graphic and Textile design work Gig Point, Graphic and Textile design work Gig Point , Aria Italian magazine, cover page Gig Point, ‘Dooms Serene', Via De Togging, Milan, 1933-36, facade Dooms Latin word for house Vs.. El sorbs towards a new architecture, you can see the difference between the two Gig Point, ‘Typical Houses' Via De Togging, Milan Gig Point, ‘Dooms Julia', Via De Togging, Milan, 1931-34, fade rooms in houses were only allowed to be so big in order to help deal with the demand for housing Point created the idea of using a partition in the middle of a room to create two roomsItalians don't have second hand shops because they keep everything, would never see a garage sale etc.. Even stay in the same house windows that frame views Gig Pont', Marmot House, Milan, 1933-36 works with curtains, works with lots more things than ‘Just the wall' believed designing furniture was part of the architecture , Domestic space, exhibition installation at the 6th Triennial, Milan, 1936 GIG point dinner set, sass Gig Pont', dinner set and tablecloth, sass Gig Point, dinner set and tablecloth , Ferreira company, chairman office, Rome, 1936 Vendetta Furnishings, (an ‘organized wall'), Milan, 1938 Amour Belle', ‘Table- container', prototype, Ghetto-Ambient Exhibition, Association J.Voodoo et Bruno Danes, Milan, 1994 Calvin, Merlin', Mayo, Window-screen', prototype, Ghetto-Ambient Exhibition, Milan, 1994 Calvin, Merlin', Mayo, Window-screen', prototype, Ghetto-Ambient Exhibition, Milan, 1994 Bruno Veering, ‘movable shelving system', prototype, Ghetto-Ambient Exhibition, Milan, 1994 Bruno Veering, ‘movable shelving system', prototype, Ghetto-Ambient Exhibition, Milan, 1994 idea of having a single element with multiple functionsGig Point, Bed, furniture design Marco Removable, Mart Laudanum, ‘Nomadic Cardboard Panel', prototype, Ghetto- Ambient Exhibition, Milan, 1994 kinetic transitional Raisin tower, almost works as context itself Softness, reduce sense of mass accompanies organic roof point, Lamp, 1960 Ambient Exhibition, Milan, 1994 Antonio Astor', ‘Intemperate' (Internally) furniture system, Deride production, sass Joe Colombo, ‘Box 1', day-and-night furniture facility, 1968 Joe Colombo, ‘Square Plastic System', furniture system, 1969 idea of liberating people from the kitchen Joe Colombo, ‘Root-living, furniture design, 1969Joe Colombo , ‘cabriolet-seed', 1969 , ‘ Multi-chat, 1970 , ‘Mint-kitchen', 1963 Joe Colombo, ‘Combo-center' container, 1963 Joe Colombo, ‘Tube-Chat, 1969 Joe Colombo, Visions' exhibition, 1969 Gig Pont', Medication Building, Milan, interiors, 1935-38 Gig Point, Medication Building, Milan Gig Pont', Medication Building, Milan Gig Pont', Raisin Tower, Milan, 1933-36, perspective drawing Gig Pont', Raisin Tower, Milan, 1933-36, photo with neoclassic Portal Venetian in the foreg round Gig Pont', Raisin Tower, Milan, the tower and the park Gig Pont', Raisin Tower, Milan, rooftop GIG point, Rarest -rower, Milan, 1933-36Pitter Dieresis, Tower Building, Berlin, 1986 Pitter Dieresis, Tower Building, Berlin, 1986, plan + elevations, drawing Pitter Dieresis, Tower Building, Berlin, view from the street tower view at night, looked like a painting Gig Pont', Raisin Tower, Milan, side fade Pitter Dieresis, Tower Building, Berlin, view from the street Dieresis tower wants to be a mediator between the road and Gig Point, Scenes and costumes design for Stravinsky ‘Applicable', Triennial Theatre, Milan, 1940 Gig Point, glass bottles and cups, design for Venin' Company, 1946-49 Gig Pont', ‘La Paving' coffee machine, Milan, 1948Gig Pont', ‘Andrea Dorian' ship, interiors, 1948-52 POINT WAS READY TO DECORATE D†°CORE, this was not supported by modernism In production, building offices, he becomes very rigorous Rigor in Milan, people dress elegant but al l the same Rome things change, they are much more ‘began' with colors, eat outside Linking back to how there is a large cultural difference in each city e etc. ‘Dulcimer' store, Milan, interiors with surrealist objects, late ass, early ass , Casino, San Remote, interiors and furniture, 1950 Gig Pont', Casino, San Remote, interiors and furniture , Staccato Apartment, interior and furniture, 1950Gig Point (with Piper Fornicates), Interior exhibition, 9th Triennial, Milan, 1951 Gig Point (with Piper Fornicates), Lucian Apartment, interiors and decorations, 1951 Gig Point (with Piper Fornicates), Lucian Apartment, early (and decorated) version of ‘Supercharger' chair, 1951 Gig Pont', his own architectural office, Milan, 1952 Gig Pont', his own architectural office, interiors Milan, 1952 Eduardo Persist, Marcello Nozzle, Salad Medieval door (Gold Medals Room), Italian Aeronautics Exhibition, 1934 Gig Point, Mate laureateship (In praise of Architecture), book, 1957, cove r Point is very good with sensibility of spaceGig Point, ‘Supercharger' chair, 1957 ‘Chivalric chair' supercharger, super light chair, can be lifted with pinky finger very famous, incorporate everyday objects vernacular design, beautiful but clumsy Guide Canella, furniture design, prototype, Nevi Design per IL Mobile Italians (New Design for Italian Furniture) Exhibition, 1960 Roberto Gigabit & Mario Sisal, furniture design, prototype, Nevi Design per IL Mobile Italians Exhibition, 1960 Aledo Rossi, Table, prototype, Nevi Design per IL Mobile Italians Exhibition, 1960 Josef Hoffmann, Stole Building, Brussels, 1905 Rossi looks at structures that are much more linearHoffmann, type of corner that marks the buildings, much more conceptual Age Ailment, Rocking chair, prototype, Nevi Design per IL Mobile Italians Exhibition, 1960 Age Ailment, Bookshelf, prototype, Nevi Design per IL Mobile Italians Exhibition, 1960 Vitriol Garrotter, armchair, prototype, Nevi Design per IL Mob ile Italians Exhibition, 1960 Umber Rival, deckchair, prototype, Nevi Design per IL Mobile Italians Exhibition, 1960 all furniture about putting more rather than less human posture curved Achilles Castigation, ‘Splurge Brad' Pub-Bar-Restaurant, Milan 1960 Achilles Castigation, Splurge Brad' Pub-Bar-Restaurant, Milan 1960 Achilles Castigation, ‘San Luck' armchair, prototype sense of mean, floating lamps (named after the restaurant) total linear, rather than Just repeating the same element Marco Suzann, ‘Lady, armchair, 1950 Franco Albania, ‘Margarita', Malice bamboo-cane armchair, 1950 Gig Point, ‘Continuum', cane-chair, Poinciana production, 1963 Gig Point, ‘Novella', armchair, C&B production, 1968 Gig Point, Villa Plainchant, Caracas, Venezuela, 1955 closed volumes, moments of surprises materiality with layers, bringing layers to modernism Gig Pont', Point apartment, Via Daze, Milan, 1957, interiors designed his own house, colorful tiles. Decorat ions very Joyful Gig Pont', Furnished window for an exhibition in New York, 1953 interested in discussing ‘con-fusion,' to be one, inability to differ areas of space decorated elements that duplicate themselves in mirrors around.Gig Point, Hotel ‘Parch die Principia', Rome, 1964, interiors Gig Pont', Hotel ‘Parch die Principia', Rome, 1964, interiors Gig Point, Hotel ‘Parch die Principia', Rome, 1964, fade (detail) Gig Pont', project for an Italian Embassy building, early sass, drawings interested in natural mass architectural form to a natural form and vise versa not particularly interested in function Gig Pont', sanitary fixtures set, Ideal Standard, 1953, drawings with notes Gig Pont', sanitary fixtures set, Ideal Standard, 1953, washbasin Gig Pont', sanitary fixtures set, Ideal Standard, 1953, toilet Gig Pont', sanitary fixtures set, Ideal Standard, 1953, toilet and more set components Gig Point, steel flatware, Italian Group, 9th Triennial, Milan, 1951, sketches and notes Gig Point, steel flatware, Italian Group, 9th Triennial, Milan, 1951 Idea of redesigning a fork Gig Point, vases, Sebastian production, 1956

Childhood Obesity Essay

Childhood obesity is a growing health concern nationwide. Obesity is a disorder in which the body fat content has become so high that it creates health problems and increased risk of health problems (Childhood Obesity: An Overview. Children & Society, 21(5), 390-396). Doctors agree that there are two primary factors in creating obese children. First, the children and teenagers are not eating the right kinds of foods. Second, America’s children are getting less and less exercise on a daily basis. The effects of childhood obesity can be very serious and often include both physical and psychological effects on the lives of the children who are affected. Children that are obese go through a lot of different situations that allow them to become more prone to a mental illness. There are several causes for childhood obesity. Technology plays a big role in childhood obesity in today’s society. The biggest cause of childhood obesity is the lack of parenting. Childhood obesity can be prevented. It is best to prevent it from happening than to have to obtain a treatment for it. Childhood obesity plays a major impact on children up into adulthood and even has a role in the decisions an individual makes. Children that are obese have physical limitations. Most children usually take a liking into some type of physical activity whether it is playing a sport or just running around the yard for fun. Those actions are the normal expected actions of any child by both society and most of all parents. It is very difficult for a child when he or she is excluded from or limited to a certain amount of a physical activity due to weight related issues. Some children do not take rejection very well in any way, shape, or form. Obese children fall subject to a variety of physical and perceived physical barriers. Living an active lifestyle is difficult for an obese child. Obese children often go through a cycle of inactivity and poor health which creates more and more of a problem. Some of these problems that inactivity and poor health cause include asthma, joint pain and increased musculoskeletal stress, orthopedic problems, and psychosocial morbidity. When it comes to physical activity it is common in obese people to have the feeling of being too heavy in order to perform any physical activities. It is almost impossible for an obese child to just jump into heavy doses of high intensity physical activity. It is preferred that an obese child take a slow approach with light low-intensity physical activities in order to reach a better health. Obesity is associated with early mortality and has overtaken smoking as the health problem with the greatest impact on quality of life, mortality, and morbidity (Canadian Journal Of Psychiatry, 57(1), 13-20). The physical effects are often similar to the effects that are faced by adults who are obese, the psychological effects can sometimes be much, much worse because of the negative impact these issues can place on a still developing child. Mental illness is a significant factor that associates with obesity. Most people hear the term obese and mainly think of it as a physical condition. Obesity can be both physical and mental. From a behavioral perspective, mental illness is often characterized by a symptom profile that impacts energy, appetite, and motivation, and is more likely to be associated with unhealthy lifestyle factors, such as smoking, alcohol, and drug use. This makes exercise and healthy nutritional choices more difficult to implement (Canadian Journal Of Psychiatry, 57(1), 13-20). There is on individual on the face of this earth that smokes, drinks, or uses any recreational drugs that can still perform heavy doses of high intensity activities on a regular basis. The most common mental condition that is found it obese children is low self-esteem. Most people do not realize how much detrimental comments affect these children. The majority of children who are obese are faced with constant and persistent ridicule. The sad part about this situation is that the ridicule does not come from just other children but adults as well. The results of constant ridicule may lead a child to believe that they are worth anything which makes them feel as if there is no reason for them to even try to amount to anything. When anyone has that belief in their head it blocks that person from not caring about their life as a whole. This leads to a variety of problems all on its own. Success is something that may never be strived for by a child or adult that loses the mental battle that comes along with obesity. Studies show that children that are obese are at a higher risk of emotional problems that often carry over into adulthood. The study also reported that obese boys and girls with low self-esteem had higher rates of loneliness, sadness and nervousness. These children were more likely to smoke and drink alcohol compared with obese children with normal self-esteem. Depression, often an outcome of low self-esteem, affects as many as 750,000 teens in the U. S. (Source: Pediatrics, â€Å"Childhood Obesity and Self-Esteem,† January 2000. ) Untreated depression is recently passed upon but is a cause and effect of childhood obesity. Technology is at an all-time high. The technological age has resulted in children spending prolonged hours in front of television (TV) and computer screens. Lots of children are more interested in the technology than the usual interest of physical activity. Television shows, the internet, mobile phones, and video games occupy most children’s attention for great amounts of time every day. The rapid growth of technology is grasping the attention of the youth. The new lifestyle that has taken over the lives’ of the youth leaves little time for them to exercise. This lifestyle reduces the amount of physical activity and it is far from the lifestyle that their parents may have enjoyed many years ago. Parks are not as used as they often were and playgrounds are not as busy as they used to be. All of that is replaced with computers, laptops, handheld games, and anything that involves little or no physical movement. Health researchers suggest no television at all for children aged less than two years and not more than two hours of viewing for children aged more than two years. Most importantly it’s unhealthy to provide your child a separate television or computer in his room. More time spent on television and computer playing video games or computer games means less time spent on healthy physical activities. Nintendo did have one breakthrough when they the WII system to the world. This games forces children to get up out of their seats and move in order to play the game. Children are limited to the use of certain technology while at school, but at home the use of technology is at the discretion of the parent. Most children would rather sit inside all day with technology and constantly intake major calories without burning any. On a daily basis this can add some major pounds and create bad habits. Technology is great to have but it must not be abused by any individual. More than 25 million students use the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) daily, while approximately 7 million utilize the National School Breakfast Program (NSBP) daily. The public school systems have started programs that assure that each child is being fed healthy foods and that each child has the required physical activity to go along with an education. School programs that encourage physical activity are important for increasing children’s energy expenditure; because children are less likely to participate in physical activity in the absence of adult supervision (Am J Public Health. 001;91:618-620). The education and health of children are prominent considerations in the 21st century. Schools have always had a traditional focus on increasing literacy and numeracy proficiency in children, but now they are increasingly being tasked with preventing obesity as well. Regular physical activity is directly implicated in the prevention of childhood obesity; there is evidence, however, that it may also benefit cognitive development(American Journal Of Public Health, 102). Physical education (PE) in schools is an ideal vehicle by which to promote physical activity in children because it is available to all children, and teachers have the opportunity to integrate it into the overall education process (American Journal Of Public Health, 102). The public school system has a major impact on the determination of what children are exposed to. Starting the concern for kid’s health at an early age is a head start for the future. The impact on the lives of kids early may be the influence each child needs in order to make healthy decisions in the run of life. Parenting is the best prevention method that exists today for childhood obesity. Parents may miss or just don’t ever think about the actions that they perform around their kids. Children are followers, so most kids are reflections of their parents. Parents can help prevent obesity by having the knowledge of nutritional facts, by the food available in the household, by the parents’ eating habits, encouragement of activity, parents’ activity pattern, the current weight of the parent and by monitoring the time spent with the new age technology that requires little or no physical movement. Old sayings often make people believe that obesity is genetic. This is not a true statement. Every adult has control over what their physical appearance would be. Children need a good role model physically. Parents are the perfect role models for this job. Parents have the biggest and most effect on the lives of their children. Parents should be very concerned with the health of their children at a very early age. Some of the schools are now offering to the parents a few courses that are very direct about proper nutrition and exercise. Also the lunch menu for the week is sent home in advance to inform the parents of what type of foods and snacks that their children are consuming on a daily basis. People are still in belief when it comes to kids that it is ok for them to eat anything. Proper nutrition plays a very big role in the development of a child , both physical and mental. Keeping the kids in the habit of eating healthy has very great benefits in the long run. The mixture of fast food diets along with sedentary lifestyles is creating a generation of children who are facing very adult health issues like high cholesterol, diabetes and heart disease. Preventing obesity, or even slowing the dramatic rate of increase in obesity prevalence, will probably require societal changes which facilitate the modification of diet and physical activity by children and their families (Childhood Obesity: An Overview. Children & Society, 21(5), 390-396). Technology will continue to rise rapidly. Most children are more attracted to prolonged hours of sitting with some type of technology rather than to get up and be active. The society revolves around the use of technology, both mobile and stationary. Public schools are implementing new programs that will reflect the proper nutrition and exercise required for each child. Schools also have the potential to influence students’ beliefs and attitudes regarding nutrition and weight control. Parents are the best prevention method against obesity. Parents have the control over each and every cause of childhood obesity. Every child looks up to their parent and someday may want to follow in their footsteps. The result of the footsteps each child takes is heavily depended upon the parent.

Transracial and International Adoptions

Transracial and International Adoptions In many societies, children have the privilege of growing up with either both or one of their birth parents present. Therefore, the perception of adoption is that of a family with fragile ties, for the adopted child is not from the family’s bloodline. Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Transracial and International Adoptions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Transracial and international adoptions are superlatively more precarious due to the fact that physical attributes, cultural and ethnical inclinations coincide to tell the difference between foster parents and their adopted children. That is why both the parties involved in the adoption process stand to loose during its progression. The biological parents loose their child while the foster parents loose a chance to conceive and leave their own heritage. The adopted child looses even more in terms of lineage, culture and behavioral traits. This cause s the adoptees to undergo painful psychological adjustments while they try to place themselves in their adoptive family. On the other hand, Oceanic and Eskimo societies have a very casual approach to adoption unlike most western societies and to them adopting a child needs not be a legally frustrating process. In Hawaii for example, the preceding ruler, Queen Luliuokalani was an adopted child and the documented process of her adoption was very simple in that her biological mother just gave her to the administrating chief who adopted her. This form of adoption was and is quite popular with the chiefs and it sends a message of unity and accordance to society. More civilized societies like America only apply for adoption in moments of crisis, contravening the Oceanic method of adoption that is a lucid selfless act of love and compassion. These societies treat adoption as a social obligation, and it is deeply entrenched into their culture. These close-knit societies offer an advantage to the biological parents of the adoptee for they can still monitor their child’s progress and consequently maintain the bonds between the parent and the child. An Adoptee can be moved from parent to parent for a short or long periods depending on the prevailing circumstances of the biological parents. Anthropology and adoption The management of adoption in anthropological prose brings about sagacity that the notion has already been resolved. Anthropologists err in obliging this notion on others rather than embrace examination thus amplify the criterion of study. The indenture of a child is considered as an aspect of affiliation due to demographic conditions rather than a major social and cultural event. Advertising Looking for research paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This disregard points out the conventional approach in analysis taken by anthropologists. This is reflected back into society especially in the western world, which views adoptees as predestined persons who fall between the kin and non-kin dimensions. Such presumption are however not worldwide and other distinct societies view kinship as a special connection with a child either by feeding or spending time with it and a child is perceived to be born to and of society. Therefore, kinship is attributed to the fostering society and the environment a child grows up in, as a result kinship is considered designated rather than definite. The study of adoption is hence crucial to anthropologists not only as a means to devise biological links, but also a way to discover the importance and inference of certain facets of culture that affect ethnicity, family and individual and hence influence human nature, human character and human behavior. Adoptee challenges relative to birth parents Conversely, adoptees in both western and isolated societies need to be shielded from harm. The essential motive of adoption is to form a stable and safe environment for a child to grow in so as to achieve its potentials determined by the consenting parties involved. One factor that is keenly observed is the ability of a parent to properly raise a child and the influence the parent has on this child. Western societies have witnessed an expanding generation of younger parents who are prone to irresponsibility and unsociable behavior. Such parents would obviously provide a degraded setting for their child to grow up in and consequently negatively affecting the child’s growth and development. Civilized societies have mechanisms in place that extract the child from any harmful setting and it has also been discovered that indigenous societies also had social structures that were responsible for the welfare of any child born to that society. After being born, the child is placed in foster care and the biological parents might still be allowed to visit and engage with the adoptee, and this kind of adop tion is referred to as open adoption. However, there are particular instances that may forbid a child from accessing information regarding his or her biological parents and this kind of adoption is known as closed adoptions, even though they are quite seldom. Discussed below are some of the reasons why a child’s rights to find his or her biological parents may be revoked either by the government or the foster parents;Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Transracial and International Adoptions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Addiction If a biological parent happen to be of a negative influence to the adoptee is the first factor. The circumstances surrounding the extraction of a child from his biological parents’ home may vary, but of interest is; are the parents responsible for negligence. Some biological parents might be drug addicts or alcoholics and such kinds of parents are basically suspecte d of having a poor moral compass. An adoptee would be highly discouraged or forbidden from interacting or even finding out about them for their union would more often than not lead the young child into the realms of drugs or alcohol. Children tend to relate more with what their parents do and a connection with parents who have a destructive personality might lead that child down that same road. Teenage pregnancy You may also encounter young parents who gave birth in their teens and were unable or unwilling to support the child and still hold onto that mentality. Teenage pregnancies have been on the rise since mid 20th century and young mothers who are courageous enough not to have an abortion often end up giving up the child for adoption for their own subjective reasons. Others may find taking care of a child is a huge burden especially when coupled with school and other personal ambitions. By the time the child is grown up and ready to face his or her biological parents the then young biological parents would most likely have gone and started a more stable life and the adoptee being only a faint memory. This means that to allow a child to meet up with such biological parents would be setting them up for disappointment and emotional torment. Crime Hardcore criminals like rapists, murderers and robbers are generally not good role models. If adoptive parents or the adopting agency is aware of their criminal record, it is unlikely that a child would be allowed to find them. Psychologists believe that biological parents, especially mothers have a tremendous influence on their children and they link this to the vibrations of the mother’s voice that reach a baby while still in the womb. Studies have shown that the mother’s tone is firmly etched into the child’s brain during fetal development and as such, the mother’s voice continue to have command over a person even when they are separated for a long time. If for example a mother has c riminal traits and conveys them to the child as they speak, chances are that gradually the child will imprint these words and begin to manifest criminal behavior. Work risk Biological parents may also be forced to give up their children for adoption due to the nature of their work. Absentee parents that are travelling almost every day of the week or officers who go undercover for several months or years are less likely to provide stability or emotional comfort that a child needs. They may also lack the option of leaving a child with relatives and so eventually decide to give it up for adoption. Advertising Looking for research paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Foster parents can therefore revoke the right of that child to find his or her biological parents because introducing them to his or her life could only bring chaos and confusion to the child, destabilizing his or her emotional balance. This could be reflected in poor grades in school, sudden outbursts of violence or a child may even turn suicidal. In the case of undercover police officers or high profile criminal lawyers, criminals may discover the person’s connection to the adopted child and may end up kidnapping him or her to use the child as leverage to avoid either arrest or prosecution. This inevitably brings grief to the foster family and so foresight is applied by barring the child from finding out his or her biological parents. Terrorism and extremism Parents suspected of being terrorists or religious extremists may also be a cause for revocation of an adopted child’s rights in finding his or her birth parents. Terrorists are well known to have the inclinatio n to use close family members to carry out acts of terror. This can be one of the consequences if the adopted child is allowed to find his or her birth parents. Religious extremists on the other hand could be responsible of instilling propaganda and antisocial ideology into an innocent child. Children born of such parents may be forbidden from accessing them or any information about them for the sake of their psychological and emotional stability. Abuse Another reason that would lead to barring of an adopted child from finding out about his or her birth parents is violent and abusive conduct of the biological parents. It is possible that the child was being abused from a very tender age by either of the parents before he or she was extracted and put up for adoption. If this is the case, it is highly unlikely that the child would be allowed to find his or her birth parents. It has been scientifically proven that bad memories tend to linger in the subconscious, and a familiar sight like of the parent or smell of their perfume could act as a trigger allowing a wave of abusive memories to flood the child’s mind. This could gradually or immediately change a child’s behavior to one that is withdrawn and this can take time and a lot of expensive counseling to cure.

Conduit Metaphor - Definition and Examples

Conduit Metaphor s A conduit metaphor is a type of conceptual metaphor (or figurative comparison) commonly used in English to talk about the process of communication. The concept of the conduit metaphor was originally explored by Michael Ready in his 1979 article The Conduit Metaphor: A Case of Frame Conflict in Our Language About Language (see below). Reddy estimated that the conduit metaphor functions in roughly 70% of the expressions used to talk about ​language. The Framework of the Conduit Metaphor Typical solutions to the unskilled speakers communication problems are illustrated by (4) through (8). (4) Whenever you have a good idea practice capturing it in words(5) You have to put each concept into words very carefully(6) Try to pack more thoughts into fewer words(7) Insert those ideas elsewhere in the paragraph(8) Dont force your meanings into the wrong words. Naturally, if language transfers thought to others, then the logical container, or conveyer, for this thought is words, or word-groupings like phrases, sentences, paragraphs, and so on. . . .[F]our categories . . . constitute the major framework of the conduit metaphor. The core expressions in these categories imply, respectively, that: (1) language functions like a conduit, transferring thoughts bodily from one person to another; (2) in writing and speaking, people insert their thoughts or feelings in the words; (3) words accomplish the transfer by containing the thoughts or feelings and conveying them to others; and ( 4) in listening or reading, people extract the thoughts and feelings once again from the words.(Michael J. Reddy, The Conduit Metaphor: A Case of Frame Conflict in Our Language About Language. Metaphor and Thought, ed. by Andrew Ortony. Cambridge University Press, 1979) The Conduit Metaphor and Communication [Michael] Reddy points out that the Conduit Metaphor is not a specific expression; rather, it names the metaphoric assumptions that enable a range of common expressions such as getting the message across, putting thoughts into words, and getting a lot out of a text. . . .Although the Conduit Metaphor may fail to describe all that transpires in typical writing situations, it does not impose an erroneously reductive structure upon complex activity but rather grows out of a complex of embodied activity, situated experience, and rhetorical human relationships. It is a rhetorical metaphor that, in certain instances, asserts a description of communication or an ethical standard. Without it, for example, we would have little basis for ethical objections to lying, concealment, failure to warn, failure to be responsible, and so on. It is crucial that we recognize, however, that when the Conduit Metaphor is treated as credible, it is combined with other concepts whose implications support its credibility. Most saliently, it combines with Language Is Power, a concept that has both evident ontological and ethical ramifications.(Philip Eubanks, Metaphor and Writing: Figurative Thought in the Discourse of Written Communication. Cambridge University Press, 2011) Lakoff on the Grammar of Conduit Metaphors Now consider: That idea just came to me out of the blue. . . . The general conceptual metaphor involved here is the CONDUIT metaphor, according to which ideas are objects that can be sent and received. Out of the blue is a metaphorical source phrase, and That idea is not just the Content of the cognitive experience, but is also the metaphorical Theme that moves to me. The grammar of the sentence is a reflection of the metaphor. That is, it has the grammar of a literal Theme-Goal-Source sentence, like the literal The dog came to me out of the kennel. To put it another way, the sentence has source domain syntax. . . .Now let us turn to a case where an Experiencer is a metaphysical Patient and has the syntax of a Patient: The idea struck me out of the blue. Again, we have the CONDUIT metaphor, with an idea that is conceptualized as an object that comes from a source out of the blue to me, not just reaching me as a goal but striking me. Thus, me is not merely a Goal, but moreover, a Pati ent that is affected by being struck. The verb struck is from the source domain, as is the syntax, in which me is direct object, which is the natural grammatical relation for a Patient to have.(George Lakoff, Reflections on Metaphor and Grammar. Essays in Semantics and Pragmatics: In Honor of Charles J. Fillmore, ed. by Masayoshi Shibatani and Sandra A. Thompson. John Benjamins, 1995) Challenging the Conduit Metaphor In Metaphors We Live By, Lakoff and Johnson (1980: 10-12 et passim) describe what they call the CONDUIT metaphor as a cross-domain mapping consisting of the following main correspondences: IDEAS (OR MEANINGS) ARE OBJECTSLINGUISTIC EXPRESSIONS ARE CONTAINERSCOMMUNICATION IS SENDING(Lakoff and Johnson 1980: 10) This formulation of the CONDUIT metaphor has since become the most widely accepted account of the dominant way in which speakers of English talk and think about communication (e.g. Taylor 2002: 490 and KÃ ¶vecses 2002: 73-74). More recently, however, [Joseph] Grady (1997a, 1997b, 1998, 1999) has questioned the validity of the CONDUIT metaphor alongside that of many other well-established formulations of conceptual metaphors, for the following reasons: first, it lacks a clear experiential basis; second, it does not explain why some prominent elements of the source domain are not conventionally mapped onto the target (e.g. the notion of opening or sealing packages is not conventi onally projected from the domain of the transfer of objects to the domain of communication); and third, it does not account for why many expressions that have been associated with the CONDUIT metaphor are in fact conventionally used in relation to other domains of experience as well (e.g. The detective couldnt get much information out of the partial shoeprint (Grady 1998: 209, italics in original)).(Elana Semino, A Corpus-Based Study of Metaphors for Speech Activity in British English. Corpus-Based Approaches to Metaphor and Metonymy, ed. by Anatol Stefanowitsch and Stefan Th. Gries. Mouton de Gruyter, 2006) Alternate Spellings: Conduit Metaphor See Examples and Observations below. Also see: MetalanguageCommunication ProcessMetaphorThirteen Ways of Looking at a MetaphorWriting Process

IAS2 Inventories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

IAS2 Inventories - Essay Example The main objective of IASB for IAS2 was to reduce the alternatives in the measurement of inventories. The revised IAS2 does not allow the consideration of the exchange differences, arising from the purchase of inventories that are invoiced in the overseas currency, to be treated as a part of inventories purchase cost (Malaysian Accounting Standards Board, n.d.). As per IAS2 the inventories are measured at cost or realizable value whichever is lower, based on every item. The inventory costs is the sum total of the purchase cost like cost price, import duties, handling as well as transportation costs; after the adjustments of rebates and trade discounts, conversion costs and other costs that are incurred for transporting the inventories to the current location and form. But this excludes the storage costs, costs relating to abnormal wastage; and selling and administration. Inventories costs can be approximated using the standard cost method or retail inventory method. The cost of inventories relating to items that are usually interchangeable and also goods or services that are produced and set aside for other projects can be assigned costs on the basis of specific identification. The inventories are valued using the first-in-first-out (FIFO) method or the weighted average method. In FIFO the items in the inventory are measured on the basis of recent purchase. Net realizable value is the amount that the business expects to receive from the inventory sale in the due course of the business. In the Balance Sheet an entity reports the lower of the net realizable value and cost as an asset. This is shown below- After the sale of inventories, the carrying amount of the related inventories is recognized as expenditure in the statement of income in the time period when the revenue from it is recognized. In the event of a fall in the net realizable