Reactive, Proactive Patrols free essay sample

In policing there are two sorts of watch, responsive and proactive watch. Receptive watch depends on violations after they are submitted. Proactive watch depends on forestalling wrongdoing as opposed to reacting to violations after they were submitted. In the event that police divisions embraced one kind of watch there would be outcomes. On the off chance that police offices embraced receptive watches, at that point there would be no real way to forestall violations. Police would just appear after a wrongdoing was perpetrated and there would be an expansion in wrongdoing. There would be an expansion of crime, auto collisions, and a lessening in network endorsement of police. On the off chance that police embraced the proactive watch, at that point there would be more watch in issue zones where wrongdoing is higher than different territories. This sort of watch is a great idea to forestall wrongdoing, yet whenever received it would make the network have little endorsement of the police, since it could make violations be all over rather than a particular territory. We will compose a custom article test on Responsive, Proactive Patrols or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page It would likewise make officials target violations rather than react to calls about wrongdoings. As I would see it, a police office would be more qualified for crime on the off chance that they keep the two sorts of watch as opposed to receive one sort; it would make the division progressively conductive and network arranged. Authentication OF ORIGINALITY I affirm that the appended paper is my unique work. I know about, and recognize my duties which are a piece of, the University of Phoenix Student Code of Academic Integrity. I certify that any area of the paper which has been submitted already is credited and refered to all things considered, and that this paper has not been put together by any other person. I have distinguished the wellsprings of all data whether cited verbatim or reworded, all pictures, and all citations with references and reference postings. Alongside references and reference postings, I have utilized quotes to distinguish citations of less than 40 words and have utilized square space for citations of at least 40 words. Nothing in this task abuses copyright, trademark, or other protected innovation laws. I further concur that my name composed on the line underneath is planned to have, and will have, a similar legitimacy as my written by hand signature.

Sample Short Answer Essay for a College Application

Test Short Answer Essay for a College Application The Common Application no longer requires a short answer exposition from all candidates, however numerous schools keep on including the short answer as a component of an enhancement. The short answer exposition brief commonly states something like this: Briefly expound on one of your extracurricular exercises or work encounters. Schools like this kind of inquiry since it offers their candidates the chance to recognize an action that is important to them and to clarify why it is significant. This data can be helpful to universities with all encompassing confirmations as they attempt to recognize understudies who will carry intriguing abilities and interests to the grounds network. Test Short Answer Essay Christie composed the accompanying example short answer exposition to expand upon her affection for running: It is the least complex of developments: right foot, left foot, right foot. It is the least complex of activities: run, unwind, relax. For me, running is both the most essential and the most intricate action I act at whatever day. While my body acclimates to the difficulties of rock ways and steep slopes, my psyche is allowed to float, to filter through whatever requirements arranging or arranging the up and coming days assignments, a contention with a companion, some annoying pressure. As my lower leg muscles extricate and my breathing subsides into its profound cadence, I am ready to discharge that pressure, overlook that contention, and set my psyche all together. What's more, at the halfway point, two miles into the course, I stop at the peak vista neglecting my little town and the encompassing forests. For one minute, I stop to tune in to my own solid heartbeat. At that point I run once more. Investigate of the Short Answer Essay The creator has concentrated on an individual movement, running, no history-production accomplishment, group triumph, world-changing social work, or even a formal extracurricular action. All things considered, the short answer paper doesn't feature any sort of momentous achievement or individual ability. In any case, consider what this short answer exposition reveals the creator is somebody who can discover delight in the least difficult of exercises. She is somebody who has discovered a compelling route for managing pressure and discovering harmony and balance in her life. She uncovers that she is on top of her self and her unassuming community condition. This one little section gives us the feeling that the creator is an astute, touchy, and solid individual. In a short space, the article uncovers the development of the author she is intelligent, articulate, and adjusted. These are for the most part measurements of her character that won't run over in her arrangements of evaluations, test scores, and extracurricular exercises. They are additionally close to home characteristics that will be appealing to a school. The composing is additionally strong. The composition is tight, clear, and elaborate without being over-composed. The length is a perfectâ 823 characters and 148 words. This is a common length limit for a short-answer exposition. All things considered, if your school is requesting only 100 words or something longer, make certain to adhere to their directions cautiously. Job of Essays and Your College Application Remember the job of any expositions, even short ones, that you submit with your school application. You need to introduce a component of yourself that isnt promptly evident somewhere else in your application materials. Uncover some concealed intrigue, enthusiasm, or battle that will give the affirmations people an increasingly point by point representation of yourself. The school has requested a short paper since it has all encompassing affirmations; at the end of the day, the school attempts to assess the entire candidate through both quantitative (grades, test scores, rank) and subjective (papers, meet, extracurricular exercises). A short answer exposition gives the school a valuable window into the candidates interests. Christie prevails on this front. For both the composition and the substance, she has composed a triumphant short answer article. You might need to investigate another case of aâ good short answer on working at Burger Kingâ as well as take in exercises from aâ weak short answer on soccerâ and aâ weak short answer on business enterprise. As a rule, on the off chance that you follow the exhortation on composing a triumphant short answer and stay away from normal short answer botches, your exposition will reinforce your application and help make you an alluring contender for confirmation.

Free Essays on Othello - Deception In Othello

William Shakespeare’s catastrophe, Othello, is a play focused on the topic of double dealing. All through the play, Shakespeare utilizes this topic to build up the plot and to achieve the defeat of the title character. This is accomplished basically through the exchange of the character Iago in various key scenes, and its impact on both minor and significant characters. The topic creates all through the play in an ever-growing trap of falsehoods that influences each character. The initial scene of the play promptly lowers the crowd in trickery through Iago’s discourse. Iago is in discussion with the character Roderigo, who we later learn is being bamboozled by Iago. Iago is vowing that he follows his ruler, Othello, not unavailable, rather in the quest for vengeance. He really states: â€Å" I tail him to serve my chance upon him.† This announcement, in Act I, Scene 1 no less, obviously makes way for a play of misdirection and manipulating. Iago continues to invalidate any loyalty to Othello for the following 25 lines! This discourse is finished up with the line â€Å"I am not what I am.† By having this in the absolute first scene, Shakespeare recognizes to the crowd that misdirection will be a key subject in the play and will repeat much of the time. The full degree of the double dealing in the principal scene isn't uncovered until Act I, Scene 3, when Iago uncovers reality in his monologue. Iago really expounds on how he is in actuality beguiling Roderigo into giving him cash to by presents for Desdemona, a help Iago had not done and never proposed to do. He proceeds to state that: â€Å"Thus do I ever make my bonehead my satchel; For I mine own insight should dishonor On the off chance that I would time exhaust with such a kill In any case, for my game and profit.† Iago straightforwardly concedes that he has been misdirecting Roderigo for cash and for diversion. This gives the primary scene more noteworthy importance while at the same time uncovering Iago as a genuine misrepresentation to the aud... Free Essays on Othello - Deception In Othello Free Essays on Othello - Deception In Othello William Shakespeare’s disaster, Othello, is a play fixated on the topic of duplicity. All through the play, Shakespeare utilizes this subject to build up the plot and to achieve the ruin of the title character. This is accomplished essentially through the exchange of the character Iago in various key scenes, and its impact on both minor and significant characters. The subject creates all through the play in an ever-extending web of untruths that influences each character. The initial scene of the play quickly lowers the crowd in double dealing by means of Iago’s discourse. Iago is in discussion with the character Roderigo, who we later learn is being misdirected by Iago. Iago is vowing that he follows his ruler, Othello, not unavailable, rather in the quest for retribution. He really states: â€Å" I tail him to serve my chance upon him.† This announcement, in Act I, Scene 1 no less, unmistakably makes way for a play of duplicity and double-crossing. Iago continues to invalidate any devotion to Othello for the following 25 lines! This discourse is finished up with the line â€Å"I am not what I am.† By having this in the absolute first scene, Shakespeare recognizes to the crowd that misleading will be a key topic in the play and will repeat every now and again. The full degree of the misleading in the principal scene isn't uncovered until Act I, Scene 3, when Iago uncovers reality in his talk. Iago really expounds on how he is in certainty misleading Roderigo into giving him cash to by presents for Desdemona, an assistance Iago had not done and never expected to do. He proceeds to state that: â€Å"Thus do I ever make my simpleton my tote; For I mine own insight should dishonor On the off chance that I would time use with such a kill Yet, for my game and profit.† Iago straightforwardly concedes that he has been deluding Roderigo for cash and for amusement. This gives the primary scene more prominent importance while at the same time uncovering Iago as a genuine extortion to the aud...

I Am A Frolicker free essay sample

What is your preferred word, and why? I am a frolicker. To skip is my generally most loved of past-times. On the off chance that you are inexperienced with the general strategies for skipping, I will edify you. As I would like to think, the most prime area to skip is in a glade. Try not to fear if knolls are hard to find however, the area isn't basic. Presently, accepting a glade has been found, to accomplish the most extreme impact, shoes must be evacuated. At that point a figurative, and incidentally strict, letting down of hair must initiate. Now the cheer may start. I dread I have overlooked the most significant perspective! Skipping is very troublesome when alone. Allies are quite often important. Presently, you are presumably pondering something like â€Å"soI have a companion, we are in some irregular field without shoes or hair ties†¦what now?† That is a great inquiry; additionally one that I can't reply. We will compose a custom article test on I Am A Frolicker or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page It is difficult to teach the really skipping. The most essential head of skipping is suddenness. You chuckle, move, run, cavort, and make the most of your companion(s) in a general condition of energy. I do give one alert. You should not skip continually. One doesn't have to skip unendingly to receive its full benefit. The capacity to skip is what’s significant. Relinquishing concerns and getting a charge out of life is important. No different, we have assignments, obligations, and genuine business to take care of. In this way, go, live your live, be profitable. Be that as it may, don’t overlook, a continuous portion of skipping improves wellbeing and by and large satisfaction. Appreciate!

Corporate Tax Basics

Corporate Tax Basics Many people throughout history have uttered the saying ‘Nothing is certain but death and taxes’, with the first recorded attribution often given to Daniel Defoe. This fatalistic idiom is quite good in highlighting the inevitability of taxes and how it is crucial individuals and businesses know as much as possible about specific tax codes to secure their finances.For businesses, one of the most important taxes to understand is the corporate tax. This guide will help you understand the basics of corporate tax, as well as explain a bit about how the tax is imposed in different countries. © Shutterstock.com | Creativa ImagesIn this article, you will learn 1) what corporate tax is, 2) what is taxed under corporate tax, 3) whether there are tax deductions available for corporations, 4) filing tax returns, and 5) corporate tax in different countries.WHAT IS CORPORATE TAX?Corporate tax is a country specific tax, often known as either corporation tax or company tax. It is a levy placed on the income of the firm, with different rates often in place for different levels of income.You’ll often see a corporate tax imposed on the income or the capital of the corporation. This could, for example, be the profit the company makes after operating costs.As mentioned above, each country often sets its own corporate tax rates and the tax is generally imposed on corporations that do business in the country. The rates across the world can vary greatly.The definition of a corporationIn order to understand corporate tax, you’ll also need to understand the definition of corporation. I n general, corporation is a legal entity, which is separate from the owners. Corporations have rights and responsibilities, just like an individual does.Some of these rights and responsibilities include the right to create contracts, to borrow as well as loan money, to hire employees, to own assets and the legal right to be sued and to sue. Among these responsibilities is the necessity to pay tax.Corporations are set up by individuals and there are different types of corporations. While a corporation isn’t required to be a for-profit corporation, most corporations are set up with the aim of creating profit and returns for shareholders. The history of corporate tax developmentThe history of taxation is almost as old as the human society. Ancient civilisations used the basic principles of taxation thousands of years ago. In fact, the earliest known tax records date to six thousand years B.C., to the region of the modern day Iraq.Different societies used their own tax policies and di fferent systems began developing. Taxation also ended up causing trouble between different factions and later nations.When it comes to corporations, the income was typically taxed similar to income tax of individuals. People simply paid taxes on the money they made and businesses often had to pay tax on goods.As businesses and the law and regulations around them became more sophisticated, the focus on fine-tuning the way corporate income is taxed became a bigger issue. While each country has different corporate tax basics, many have used the similar model honed in the US and the UK.The US was known for its limited taxation, with the first federal income tax being enacted in 1861. After a long debate and changes in legislation, the Congress enacted an excise tax on corporations in 1909. The corporate tax, along with the rates, has been evolving ever since.In the UK, corporations were subject to income tax on the profits, similarly to individuals. It wasn’t until 1965 that the gover nment created the current Corporation Tax, which helped clarify how corporations pay tax and on what profits.WHAT IS TAXED UNDER CORPORATE TAX?Corporate tax is typically mainly imposed on income, but it is possible to tax other assets the corporation has in its use. In many instances, taxes are also imposed on property, as well as the existence of other similar assets and the equity structure of the corporation.What falls under the tax depends on local legislation and some differences may arise depending on the type of corporation in question.The following is a set of the most common parts of corporate tax.Corporate incomeAs said previously, income is the main proponent of corporate tax. Income is taxed at varying rates across the world, with the rate always being different to individual income tax. You can find some of the corporate income tax rates further down in the guide.In most countries, the corporate income is defined as all gross income. This means taking the sales of servi ce and goods and deducting the cost of production as well as any income that might be tax exempt under the law. The remaining amount is then taxed according to the tax rate.In a multinational world, corporations can have income coming in from different countries. How countries tackle this worldwide income is different for each country.In most instances, resident corporations, i.e. corporations that have their main residency in a specific country, are taxed on the worldwide income. A corporation that is non-resident will only have to pay corporate tax on the income they make in the country of operation. Again, there are country differences to this rule.DividendsCorporations typically end up paying part of their income and earnings back to shareholders. This distribution of earnings is known as paying dividends. Dividends are also taxable income, although they typically attract a lower rate for corporate income tax.It is important to note that dividends are not only paid to individual s, but can also be provided to corporations. Therefore, the dividends a corporation receive will be subject to tax.Other distribution of wealthCorporations might also distribute some of their wealth through other means. These could include different provisions of assets or the transfer of equity or capital to new assets on behalf of the person. These are typically taxed under other unique tax rules.Transfer pricingAlthough transfer pricing is not directly related to corporate tax, it has an effect on what amount the corporations might end up paying. Transfer pricing refers to the prices the corporations apply for the goods, services or the use of property.Therefore, it can relate to the total income the company makes both in domestic and international level. The tax authorities often set guidelines on transfer pricing to ensure the tax authorities are aware of changes companies might make.Other alternative tax basesSometimes countries also impose alternative tax computations on corp orations. These taxes are typically involved with the assets, capital payments and wages. These will have an alternative tax rate and function, depending on the country.Foreign branchesAs mentioned briefly above, corporations can be taxed on both the income they make in a specific country or based on global income. In most instances, domestic corporations are taxed differently to foreign corporations.While there isn’t any international law that would limit a country’s ability to tax residents, whether individuals or entities, there can be other limitations. In most cases, international and country specific treaties bring these about.Treaties are typically designed to do two functions. First, they protect a country’s right to tax a company doing business within its borders. Second, they protect a corporation from having to pay tax on their income twice, both in their original country as well the country where they do business.How corporations are taxed depends greatly on their setup. Branches and sister companies might be treated differently to foreign companies and so on.ARE THERE TAX DEDUCTIONS AVAILABLE FOR CORPORATIONS?Just like individuals are able to deduct certain payments from their income tax expenses, corporations also have tax deductions available for them. These vary from country to country, but most countries do offer some types of tax deductions.The tax deductions available for corporations often fall under three separate categories: tax exemptions, interest deductions and losses.Tax exemptionsTax exemptions are always non-taxable and won’t need to be claimed back, as they are removed from the income tax calculation at the point of filing.When it comes to corporate tax exemption, income and costs generated by certain transactions are often non-taxable. For instance, the formation of a corporation will in many countries be tax-exempt event. Furthermore, acquisitions and re-organisation of a business is typically a tax-exempt event.Interest deductionsCorporations might also be able to deduct certain interest payments from the tax. For example, corporations are generally able to deduct interest expenses generated by trading activities. Certain bank loans might also provide the option for interest payment deductions.There are often country-specific limits on interest deductions. Certain interest payments might be, for example, deductible if made to shareholders, while be subject to tax if paid to the corporation itself.LossesWhen a corporation makes a loss, many jurisdictions allow them to deduct part or all of these losses. This is unique to corporations, as individuals aren’t able to deduct losses from taxation.Losses available for deduction are also involved with machinery, equipment and other such corporate assets. In most instances, corporations aren’t able to deduct losses against a previous year’s income. Many countries also have strict time limitations as to when losses can be deducted.FILING TAX RETURNSMos t countries use a similar system for collecting taxes. The system requires individuals and corporations to file their tax returns and make the payments according to the rules set by the tax authorities.Typical filing systemsMost often, the system requires corporations to file an annual corporate tax return. There are two different ways the return might be filed:Through a self-assessment method, where the corporation sends its own tax assessment to the tax authorities.By returning the tax administration pre-filed form, where the authority has calculated the tax based on some pre-filed information and the corporation has to make sure the information is correct.In many systems, the tax returns must be somehow certified. This often means using an authorised accountant and in the case of big corporations, the company’s own auditors.The difficulty of the filing system depends quite a bit on the country’s legislation. Some tax return systems are straightforward, while others can be ext remely complex. The complexity can also depend on the nature of the business.Furthermore, the technological revolution has changed the way corporations, as well as individuals, need to file their taxes. Most countries are slowly moving to technology-based filing, where the majority of the return forms can be filed online.For many countries, the system still operates both electronic and paper return systems. Corporations are often able to choose between the two, although electronic forms are becoming increasingly common.Different taxation periodsCorporate tax is generally paid on an annual basis. Some of the other taxes imposed on corporations can sometimes be paid quarterly or even monthly. The taxation periods depend on the country’s legislation and in some instances on the size of the corporation.Furthermore, it is good to note that tax year is not the same as a calendar year. This said, some countries might apply calendar year as the tax year, but exemptions are more often the case. For example, in the UK the tax year runs from April to April.The taxes are often paid in retrospect and not in advance.Who needs to file?As mentioned above, corporate tax return often requires some sort of official certification. In many instances, this can mean that an account will go through the corporate tax return before sending it to the authorities.The right procedure, as well as the right tax payments, depends on the structure of the corporation as well as the type of corporation in question.CORPORATE TAX IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIESThe guide should have made it clear that the final, detailed structure of corporate tax depends on the specific country in question. As an example of corporate tax and the differences between countries, here is a short introduction to some of the systems in use in the bigger countries.The USCorporations in the US is taxed at the same rate depending on the type of income the corporation makes. But different rates might be applied based on the incom e level of the corporation and the size of the corporation. There are also some federal differences in some states.The US system is quite a complex one and the filing requires several forms, both for the basic tax return as well as any possible exemptions.When it comes to foreign and domestic companies, the US taxes resident corporations based on worldwide income. Non-resident corporations must only pay income tax to the US, based on the income generated in the country.The UKThe UK corporate tax shares many similarities with the US, although there is only one rate used in the UK. Like the US, the UK applies corporate tax on worldwide income for corporations that are based in the UK. If the corporation has a branch in the country, they are only subject to pay tax on the income they generate in the UK.Corporate tax in the UK is calculated on what the company makes from:Doing businessInvestmentsSelling assets for profitChinaChina’s tax system can seem quite different and it’s hard to navigate through as a foreign business. Nonetheless, in its most basic, the corporate tax system treats domestic and foreign companies in a similar manner to the UK and the US.Interestingly in China, the payments are made quarterly and based on estimation payments. Furthermore, the corporation will then file their annual tax return. If they have made excess payments during the year, they can use them to offset the annual instalments.Corporate tax havensIt is all worth to mention that some countries in the world do not impose any corporate tax on any type of income. These so-called ‘tax havens’ often have many multinational companies place their residence in the country in order to avoid or pay lower taxes.Some of the countries with no corporate tax include:BahamasBahrainBermudaCayman IslandsGuernseyIsle of ManCorporate tax rate examples from around the worldFinally, here are some of the current corporate tax rates in different countries around the world. The rates are provide d by KPMG, the international services company specialised in taxation.Argentina35Australia30Brazil34Canada26.5Cayman Islands0China25France33.33Germany29.65Hong Kong SAR16.5India34.61Israel26.5Japan33.06Macau12Malaysia25Mexico30New Zealand28Russia20Saudi Arabia20Turkey20United Kingdom20United States40Although there are some countries that impose no corporate tax, the global average rate falls to around 23.68%. The highest regional average is in North America, with 33.25%, and the lowest in Europe, with 20.24%.CONCLUSIONCorporate tax has evolved over time and in a way has become more complex. The basic principles are generally the same around the world, but the finer details and the ways corporations must file and pay taxes can change a lot from one country to another.International tax treaties have removed some issues over corporate taxation, but different country rates have resulted in companies planning carefully where they set up. Tax planning is important for companies who want t o make sure they aren’t financially worse off and understanding corporate tax basics is an essential tool in making sure a business succeeds.

How Many B-School Grads Go Into Consulting

Entrepreneurship is the sexy post-MBA job, but the reality is that less than 5% of grads from top MBA programs start a business at graduation. Per GMAC’s just released Prospective Students Survey Report, 34% of all graduate business students seek consulting positions after they earn their degree. My suspicion is that the figure is even higher among full-time MBA candidates. True, many will work as consultants for a few years, and then down the road start their own business. If you are in that vast mass of MBA wannabes planning/hoping for a job in consulting immediately after you earn your degree, this ranking is for you! We’ve examined US News’ top MBA programs and the number of grads who have gone into consulting from each one. (The data here is from U.S. News.) The biggest surprise is how low Stanford places on these lists. I would attribute that low ranking to the relatively high percentage  of MBAs going into entrepreneurship (approximately 18%, the highest of any of these programs by far.).   Yales placement as #1  in percentage as well as Duke Fuquas, CMU Teppers and Emorys as respectively #2,#6 and #8 on the percentage list also indicate real strength in consulting placement, which sometimes isnt recognized. Similarly Whartons #1 placement and Chicago Booths #4 spot in total numbers call into question the meme that these two programs are just finance powerhouses. Certainly a high ranking in either of these lists indicates that the program has the recruiting ties, placement track record, and alumni network, as well as the curriculum, to support your consulting goals.   However, these numbers dont  tell the full picture. Dig into the schools’ class profile, placement stats, curriculum, extra-curricular activities and opportunities to determine which schools to apply to. Ultimately you want to apply to programs that will take you where you want to go and that are likely to admit you. hbspt.cta.load(58291, '6f59af66-a942-476e-a35a-feafe5c6a5c2'); By Linda Abraham, president and founder of Accepted.com and co-author of the new, definitive book on MBA admissions, MBA Admission for Smarties: The No-Nonsense Guide to Acceptance at Top Business Schools.

Asian American Identity Development Model - 886 Words

RCIDM and Multiculturalism Having knowledge of the Racial/Cultural Identity Development Model will help counselors to become more culturally competent. Although we know these phases, one must be aware of the cultures that counselors will be working with and how one’s beliefs can hinder the process. The five stages of the Asian-American Identity Development Model, developed by Sue and Sue, are: The ethnic awareness stage, White identification stage, the awakening to the social political consciousness stage, redirection stage, and the incorporation stage. Asian-Americans prefer crisis-oriented, brief, and solution oriented approaches, and they are influenced by their families and culture. The fear of losing face to their peers by seeking therapy will lead them to early termination of therapy. Asian cultures are typically high context cultures in which gesture, body language, eye contact, pitch, intonation, word stress, and the use of silence are as important as the actual words being spoken in convers ation. Asians are typically polite in social encounters whereas Americans, being very low context communicators, are comfortable with very direct questions and answers and often seem abrupt to people from high context cultures. The five stages of the Black Identity Development Model, originally developed by Cross, are: The pre-encounter stage, encounter stage, immersion-emersion, internalization, and internalization-commitment. African-Americans will diminish counseling,Show MoreRelatedEssay on Racial Cultural Identity Developement Model1576 Words   |  7 PagesRunning head: RACIAL/ CUTURAL IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT MODEL Racial/Cultural Identity Development Model Ericka Ashe-Lane Troy University One of the most promising approaches to the field of multicultural counseling/therapy has been the work on racial/cultural identity development among minority groups. This model acknowledges within groups differences that haveRead MoreRace and Culture in the Literary Work of Wendy Chang and Junot Diaz1718 Words   |  7 Pagesfaced by individuals that don’t fit the â€Å"model minority†. Legal and cultural borders have been erected and have forced some in and many out of the American ideal. Wendy Chang and Junot Diaz’s work delineate the ways in which race and culture play a role in assessing and shaping American identity through the development of a hybrid culture, the institution of homeownership and the ultimately the practice of polyculturalism. In attempts to solidify a sole American entity, there are various cultural andRead MoreRacism, Religion, and Family1549 Words   |  6 PagesI can see a valid point in this definition. All three concepts help create the characteristics of individual cultures and define what types of behaviors are acceptable or taboo within these particular societies. Patterns of Interaction Chart Model Facts Examples Pluralism and Multiculturalism In Pluralism, individuals are treated as equals in a common (neutral) public sphere, (Feinberg 1996). 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One out of ten people living in the UnitedRead MoreIdentity and Destruction: Asian American in The Namesake by Mira Nairs Film1832 Words   |  8 Pagescause cultural and identity issues. The collision of the two cultures forms a process of trying to construct an identity and a destruction of an ethnic identity, with different factors to consider such as space and other sociocultural codes. This film about the Indian American also shows the concept of model-minority image, standards and expectations imposed to Asian Americans. The Namesake embodies the cultural and identity issues of an Asian American, particularly the Indian Americans, exemplifying

Management of Resources Within the Public Sector - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2727 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Economics Essay Type Report Level High school Did you like this example? Management of Resources within the Public Sector Table of Contents Executive Summary 1.Introduction 2.Results 2.1 NHS Spending 2.2 Spending Review 2010 2.2.1 Table 1: Department of Health Spending Review 2010 2.2.2 Efficiency Savings 2.3 Health and Social Care Act 2012 2.4 Funding Freeze 3.Discussion 4.Conclusion 5.References Bibliography 6.Appendices 6.1 Table 1 Department of Health Spending Review 2010 6.2 Recommendations Executive Summary Since the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Comprehensive Spending Reviewà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ in 2010 the National Health Service (NHS) has experienced significant budgetary constraints. Whilst the UK Government has protected the NHS budget, it is still the tightest funding settlements the NHS has ever experienced. Demand is growing rapidly as the population ages and long-term conditions become more common. Along with more sophisticated and expensive treatment options are becoming available and the cost of medicines is growing by over  £600m per year. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Management of Resources Within the Public Sector" essay for you Create order The NHS must take decisive steps to remove the barriers in how patient care is provided between hospitals, physical and mental health along with social care. The NHS could save up to  £466m a year if doctors were less likely to prescribe multiple treatments of drugs to older people. Target resources on clinical interventions that optimise health outcomes and to identify procedures that can be made more efficient. The NHS could obtain over  £2bn over the next five years by selling off surplus land and buildings, according the Department of Health. 1. Introduction This report identifies the decisions made by the British Government to reduce its National Deficit and how this will affect its Public Services. Every finical year the UK runs up a large budget deficit. This is where the UK Government spends more money than it can collect through taxation. In 2010 the UK Coalition Government set out plans for its unavoidable deficit reduction. This was an urgent priority to secure the UKà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s economic stability at a time of uncertainty in the global economy. This was to provide long term stability in its public services and its welfare Systems. According to a report published the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Spending Reviewà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (HM Treasury, 2010) the Coalition Government inherited one of the most ambitious and challenging fiscal positions in the world. The (Office of National Statistics, 2014) (ONS) commented that, Britainà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s deficit was at its highest ever recorded in peacetime history. The state borrowed one whole p ound for every four pounds that it spent. The interest payments on UKà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢S National Debt cost the UK around  £45 Billion a year or 3% of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Gross Domestic Productà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (GDP). However, all the major political parties pledged to protect the National Health Service (NHS) from budget cuts in 2010, after a period of unprecedented growth there was a implementation of a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"funding freezeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ in 2011 (House of Commons, 2010). This would be the most austere period for the NHS in over thirty years. Even with this constant funding, the rising demands from an ageing population, along with higher public expectations, meant that there was a substantial à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"funding gapà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ to be met by improvements in productivity and efficiency. Efficiency savings are still needed. (Farrar, 2013), the chief executive of the NHS Confederation, commented on the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Spending Roundà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢: A lthough the health budget has been spared a reduction, it is important to remember that NHS organisations are facing significant pressures to meet growing demand and improve quality, and still need to find substantial efficiency savings. He also mentioned that: Maintaining the ring-fence for the NHS is vital, but it is also important that the health service gets to spend what is allocated to ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Therefore, long-term investment and innovation in healthcare must be seen as a key function of the UKà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s growth strategy and not an anchor holding it down. 2. Results 2.1 NHS Spending Funding for the NHS comes directly from taxation and is granted to the Department of Health by Parliament. When the NHS was created in 1948, it had a budget of  £437 million (around  £9bn in current value). NHS spending has continued to increase significantly, in 2003/04 the NHS budget was  £64.173bn and this drastically increased to  £109.72bn in 2013/14. Statistics show that Net expenditure of the NHS has increased by  £45.54bn between the years 2003 and 2013. Government Statistics on public spending show that NHS spending increased from  £104.405bn in 2011/12 to  £105.254bn in 2012/13. This amounts to a 0.8% rise in real terms year-on-year. In 2011/12 health spending was 0.3% higher than the previous year. In recent years, the NHS has managed to spend slightly under budget. This was not because demand for its services was reduced, but because of the use of effective mechanisms in place not to spend. Public satisfaction within t he NHS, for its staff and for its quality of care received still continues to remain very strong (Dixon, 2014). All of this has been achieved while applying a significant reform programme following the Health and Social Care Act 2012. 2.2 Spending Review 2010 In agreement with the Governmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s commitment to protect public health, spending in the NHS will increase by 0.4% in real terms over the course of the Spending Review period. This will include a 1.3% increase in the resource budget and a 17% decrease in overall capital spending. The administration budget will also be reduced by 33% and reinvested to support the delivery of NHS services. 2.2.1 Table 1: Department of Health Spending Review 2010 Sourced: (Department of Health , 2010) The health reform enabled the NHS to maintain the quality of services to patients. This settlement also included: Real term increases in overall NHS funding in each year to meet the Governmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s commitment to protect public health spending, with total spending growing by 0.4% over the Spending Review period (see table 1). An additional  £1bn a year for social care, as part of an overall  £2bn a year of additional funding to support social care by 2014/15. New cancer drug fund of up to  £200m a year. Expanding Increasing access to psychological therapies Maintain funding for priority hospital schemes. Capital spending to remain higher in real terms than it has been on average over the last three Spending Review periods. 2.2.2 Efficiency Savings To sustain the rising costs of healthcare and the relentless increasing demand on its services, the NHS released up to  £20bn of annual efficiency savings over the recent four years, all of which was reinvested to meet rising levels of demand and to support the improvements in. This included: Constantly improving workforce productivity. Implementing best practice throughout the NHS in the management of long term condition. Reducing inconsistencies in admissions and outpatient appointments. A 33% cut in the administration budget, including a reduction in the number of armà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s length bodies from 18 to a maximum of 10 by the end of 2014. 2.3 Health and Social Care Act 2012 A fundamental part of the Government reforms, was the Health and Social Care Act 2012 introduced substantial changes to the way in which NHS in England was organised, improvements in the quality of social care and reform its funding. The Health and Social Care Act introduced a variety of vital changes to the NHS in England. These changes came into force on 1 April 2013 (Parliment , 2013). These changes included: Providing groups of GP practices and other professionals, known Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCGs) real budgets to buy care on behalf of their local communities. Moving many responsibilities historically located in the Department of Health to a new, politically independent NHS Commissioning Board (NHS England). Implementation of a health specific economic regulator with a mandate to guard against anti-competitive practices. Relocating all NHS trusts to foundation trust status. 2.4 Funding Freeze Recent years have been extremely challenging for the NHS, a prolonged funding freeze in real terms, implementation of controversial reforms and the mistreatment of it users and the quality of care, in particular from the Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust (Robert, Francis. QC, 2013) . This NHS funding freeze will remain in place until 2015 and possibly further beyond. Regardless of the real term increase that is usually required to deal with the rising demand and the lack new treatments not readily being available. However, in 2011, the NHS has surprisingly succeeded to survive within its means, essentially as a result of curbing the wage bill. However, this may be difficult to continue because of rise in wages in the private sector. Meanwhile, there is a lot of engagement across the NHS to increase efficiency whilst protecting the quality of care (Dixon, 2014). 3. Discussion Since the implantation of the National Health Service (NHS) in 1948, the NHS has grown to become the worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s largest publicly funded health service. It has also become one of the most efficient and comprehensive health services. The NHS was created out of a long-held ideal that good healthcare should be readily available to all, regardless of wealth. This is still a fundamental principle that remains at the NHS core. With the exception of some charges such as prescriptions and dental services, the NHS remains free to any UK resident. There are currently more than 63.2m people requiring this service. It covers everything from routine treatments, to transplants, emergency treatments and end-of-life care (NHS England, 2014). The NHS deals with over 1 million patients every 36 hours. The healthcare system is facing the challenge of significant financial pressures. As individual needs for services will continue to grow faster than the funding ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s al located. Therefore the Department of Health must innovate and transform the way in which they deliver their high quality services, within the resources available. To ensure that patientà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s needs, are always put first. The NHS has gone through several vital changes in recent years. Such as; Increased levels of investment and reduced waiting times. Ongoing developments include the expansion of patient choice and the introduction of academic health science centres (AHSCs), first of which is the Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (NHS Trust, 2013). The UKà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Government has identified a number of opportunities to cut costs in the NHS whilst protecting its frontline services. These include limiting its staffs pay and pensions, cutting back office management, the selling of assets, rationalising procurement and drugs purchasing. There are numerous discussions about value for money in the NHS (House of Commons, 2010). The Secretary Of State Jeremy Hunt (MP) (Department of Health , 2014) has overall responsibility for the function of the Department of Health (DH). According to Hunt the NHS must save up to  £10bn a year by 2020 by diminishing its use of agency staff and management consultants, selling off unused property and reducing clinical mistakes, the health commented: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“If we are to be truly financially sustainable we need to rethink how we spend money in a much more fundamental way.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  A report published by Hunt the NHS Englandà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s blueprint for the health service (National Health Executive , 2014), which identified the need for a greater use of technology and innovation to improve patient healthcare in the NHS whilst delivering cost savings the public sector. These reductions in the annual budget of  £110bn will be assisted by an increase in innovation, according to Hunt. The health secretary also commented that a reduction in prescription errors could save the NHS up to  £551m a year, whilst selling off some of the NHS unused land and buildings could create significant savings, including  £1.5bn in London alone. Targeting agency staffing bills which have significantly increase from  £1bn to almost  £2.5bn. Guidelines set out in the report à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Everyone Counts: Planning for Patients 2014/15 to 2018/19à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ illustrate how the NHS budget is invested, to drive continuous improvement, to maintain high standards of care for all. The NHS is driven by quality in all that they do. It can no longer accept a minimum standard of care as acceptable. According to the Chief Nursing Officer for England Jane Cummings, practical application of technology on the front line will enable NHS nurses and other health workers to concentrate on what is important, providing meaningful and compassionate care to its patients (NHS England, 2014). Becoming more efficient with data and technology could have the potentia l to create a substantial difference to patients, whilst enabling best value for taxpayers. 4. Conclusion The  £10bn of savings announced by Jeremy Hunt are realistic, however it will take up to five years to deliver these savings. It is imperative that the debate starts now and the NHS needs to look at where efficiency savings can be made, and to focus on clinical care and not just the back office jobs. The big question is whether these efficiencies can be made soon enough to reduce the requirement of unpopular cuts to health services. The NHS needs to ensure that accesses to all of its services are on an equal footing whether the patientà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s needs are mental or physical. They must innovate the way they in which they provide care for the most vulnerable users excluded from society. However, high quality is not just an aspiration. There is urgency to plan strategically and to start making these changes that are required to deliver models of care that will be sustainable in the longer term. Therefore, the discussion remains about how the NHS will cope with a contin ued freeze on its overall funding. There is tension between national co-ordination and local decision making in the NHS about value for money. The NHS should try an implement a top-down best practice or it should let innovation and efficiency come from local decision making and accountability, with an acceptance of locally diverse provision. 5. References Bibliography Department for Health , 2014. Everyone Counts: Planning For Patients 2014/15 to 2018/19, London : NHS England . Department of Health , 2010. Spending Review 2010. [Online] Available at: https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/www.dh.gov.uk/en/mediacentre/pressreleases/dh_120676 [Accessed 6 November 2014]. Department of Health , 2014. Secretary of State for Health, London : Department of Health . Dixon, J., 2014. How much longer can the NHS live within its means?. Guardian Professional, 1(1), pp. 01-02. Farrar, M., 2013. NHS Confederation and NHS Employers comment on the Comprehensive Spending Review, London: NHS Confederation . HM Treasury, 2010. SPENDING REVIEW 2010, London: Her Majestyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Stationery Office. House of Commons, 2010. Key Issues for the New Parliament 2010, London: House of Commons Library Research. Imperial College Healthcare, 2014. About the NHS. [Online] Available at: https://www.imperial.nhs.uk/nhs60/about_the_NHS/inde x.htm [Accessed 5 Novemeber 2014]. John Appleby, J. T. J. J., 2014. How is the NHS, London: Department of Health. National Health Executive , 2014. NHS Finance. Hunt calls on NHS to deliver  £10bn a year efficiency savings, 14 November, pp. 1-3. NHS England, 2014. About the National Health Service. [Online] Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/NHSEngland/thenhs/about/Pages/overview.aspx [Accessed 5 November 2014]. NHS England, 2014. Health and social care leaders set out plans to transform peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s health and improve services using technology. News, 13 November , VII(10), pp. 1-4. NHS Trust, 2013. Spending Review 2013 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" key points for the NHS, London : NHS . Office of National Statistics, 2014. EU Government Deficit and Debt, London: ONS. Parliment , 2013. Health and Social Care Act 2012, London : The Stationary Office. Robert, Francis. QC, 2013. Report of the Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust Public Inquiry, Staff ordshire: The Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust. 6. Appendices 6.1 Table 1 Department of Health Spending Review 2010 Source: Department of Health , 2010. Spending Review 2010. [Online] Available at: https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/www.dh.gov.uk/en/mediacentre/pressreleases/dh_120676 [Accessed 6 November 2014]. 6.2 Recommendations The NHS must take decisive steps to remove the barriers in how patient care is provided between hospitals, physical and mental health along with social care. The future of the NHS will need to provide greater care, delivered locally, but with some services provided by specialist centres. This should be organised to support people with multiple health conditions. The NHS wastes around  £2bn a year and risk patientà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s health by giving them excessive x-rays and treatments they do not require. The NHS could save up to  £466m a year if doctors were less likely to prescribe multiple treatments of drugs to older people. This can create adverse drug reactions, which account for 6% of all hospital admissions, which amounts to 4% of all hospital bed being used. With future restrictions on NHS funding, another recommendation is to try to target resources on clinical interventions that optimise health outcomes and to identify procedures that could be made more efficient. The Kingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Fund (John Appleby, 2014) has suggested money could be recovered by reducing the length of stay in hospitals and using lower cost drugs. The Department of Health estimates that nearly 8% of NHS land is underused, which could help to raise some  £2.5bn, equivalent to 50,000 nurses, between now and 2016.The Government has announced plans to sell off surplus land to boost health service funds. To modernise the NHS and to improve its efficiencies, the health service needs to be proactive and identify land that is no longer required or needed. This revenue raised from surplus land could be used to improve patient care. 1

Analysis Of Strategic Talent Management Architecture - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 909 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Many business gurus have based themselves on a comprehensive review of the scholarly and practitioner literatures, they have developed the Strategic Talent Management architecture. This framework consists of the following two major sources that influence an organizations performance effectiveness: (a) Leadership drivers and (b) Organizational enablers. Figure: The Strategic Talent Management Architecture Source: Korn and Ferry Institute 2009 Drivers are those factors that derive, clarify, motivate, and communicate (i.e., drive) the fundamental business of the corporation. There are two different leadership drivers vision and vigor. Organizational Enablers are those factors that provide structure, talent competencies, and execution in an organization. Organizational enablers include three key dimensions capability, architecture, and action. Finally, they identify two additional factors in their model. They call them company-wide Enterprise Accelerators, and they consist of Enterprise Alignment and Enterprise Agility. These latter two factors ensure that leadership drivers and organizational enablers mesh with the external and internal environments relevant to the company, as well as facilitate the adaptability of internal and examine its impact on the operations of an organization. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Analysis Of Strategic Talent Management Architecture" essay for you Create order Leadership Drivers Leadership is a central variable in nearly every model. Senior leaders usually establish the organizations mission, identify target customers, determine the products and services delivered, hire the managers who execute plans, and create a shared vision that rallies stakeholders to drive toward shared objectives. In many ways, leaders are analogous to the prime mover of a machine. The model contains two dimensions within the Leadership Drivers factor: (a) Vision and (b) Vigor. Vision Vision represents the ability to effectively define the business and set its direction. Vision requires a high level of general business acumen, an ability to establish strong, effective governance for the organization, and the willingness and ability to shift course as required by the changing business conditions. Porter (2008) contended that understanding the forces that shape industry competition is the first key to developing strategy. Lichtenstein and Dade (2007) asserted that delivering the highest shareholder value comes through aligning the leaders vision to the goals and strategy, and that this process can be aided or hindered by the extent to which leaders understand each others needs and values. Crossan, Vera, and Nanjad (2008) proposed that leaders need to demonstrate a proactive stance in aligning strategy, the environment, and the organization under one vision. Montgomery (2008) emphasized the need for leaders to see strategy and vision as a dynamic process requiring ongoing monitoring and tweaking. Vigor Vigor represents the ability to drive the enterprise forward. It requires that leaders and employees possess an infectious passion for the business and strategy, unflagging energy and drive, and relentless, aggressive, and competitive spirit. For illustration, Kanji (2008) posited that the ability of leaders to drive the organization toward quality and excellence is the prime aspect of organizational effectiveness. Burke, Sims, Lazzara, and Salas (2007) also argued that a leaders ability to foster organizational effectiveness is the degree to which subordinates and co-workers trust the leader to get the job done. Paradoxically, effective leaders work to both engender predictability and order as well as to produce organizational change (Yukl Lepsinger, 2005). The use of language in the literature to describe the competitive characteristics of leaders reinforces the notion of vigor. The organizational Enablers Organizational enablers represent the talent, processes, and structures put in place by the leaders to achieve the business goals. This factor represents the key elements in the business machine that are driven by the prime mover leadership to deliver the organizations work output. The organizational enablers factor is comprised of three dimensions: Capability architecture, and Action. Capability Capability denotes the organizations capacity to empower it to achieve its strategic objectives. It represents the deep expertise in mission-critical competencies required by the organizations mission and unique value proposition. Capabilities in this sense are inherent to the organization, not simply the collective aggregate of individuals. According to scholars, capabilities influencing organizational effectiveness can include talent management systems (Bassi McMurrer, 2008), information technology (Batra, 2006), supply chain management (Carter Rogers, 2008), and research and development (Tirpak, Miller, Schwartz, Kashdan, 2007). Ulrich and Smallwood (2004) contended that organizational capabilities are derived (in part) from the manifested abilities of the companys employees. Architecture Architecture refers to the organizations hierarchical structure and organizing principles. It includes the structure and design that serves the organizations business model and unique value proposition. In their seminal work, Katz and Kahn (1978) challenged leaders to achieve effectiveness by moving beyond traditional, bureaucratic structures. Kim and Mauborgne (2009) emphasized the role strategy should play in shaping structure. Oftentimes, they noted, leaders are prone to allowing their organizations structure to be dictated by its environment rather than by strategy. Raisch (2008) also suggested that companies striving for profitable growth need an organizational design that balances mechanistic and organic structures. Many authors assert that organizational culture can be a source of competitive advantage if it is aligned with strategy (e.g., Sadri Lees, 2001). Action Action represents the organizations ability to develop, implement, and execute tactics that directly serve the strategic goals. Bossidy and Charan (2002) argued that the biggest obstacle to organizational effectiveness is the absence of execution. Mankins and Steele (2005) found that most of the executives they surveyed failed to deliver the financial performance forecasted in their long-range plans. These authors concluded that the gaps between strategy and performance often are not analyzed by typical organizational metrics. Finally, Higgins (2005) viewed execution as so critical that he added Strategic Performance to the McKinsey 7-Smodel to emphasize the effort needed to drive outcomes.

Harlem, An Analysis of a Langston Hughes Poem Essay

Harlem, An Analysis of a Langston Hughes Poem The short but inspirational poem Harlem by Langston Hughes addresses what happens to aspirations that are postponed or lost. The brief, mind provoking questions posed throughout the poem allow the readers to reflect--on the effects of delaying our dreams. In addition, the questions give indications about Hughes views on deferred dreams. Harlem is an open form poem. The poem consists of three stanzas that do not have a regular meter. To catch the readers attention, the writer made sure that specific words and questions stood out. As a result, the lengths of the lines vary and certain syllables are stressed in every line. The first line in the poem: is the longest†¦show more content†¦The last line, Or does it explode? (11) is an example of a metaphor. The writer implies that a postponed dream--destroys, causes a violent or even disturbing emotional reaction. Langston Hughes was a successful African-American poet of the Harlem renaissance in the 20th century. Hughes had a simple and cultured writing style. Harlem is filled with rhythm, jazz, blues, imagery, and evokes vivid images within the mind. The poem focuses on what could happen to deferred dreams. Hughes aim is to make it clear that if you postpone your dreams you might not get another chance to attain it--so take those dreams and run. Each question associates with negative effects of deferred dreams. The imagery from the poem causes the reader to be pulled in by the writers words. The speaker opens the poem by questioning, What happens to a dream deferred? (1). This single line instantly gives the reader an idea of what the poem is about. The first question produces curiosity in the reader--makes the reader want to find the answer to the question. Does it dry up/like a raisin in the sun? (2-3). suggest that a postponed dream will eventually be forgotten or fizzled out. The image of a raisin stimulates the readers sight and taste senses. The dream is like a sweet grape which is fresh and new. If you set that grape aside (in hopes of coming back to it later) it most likely will be bitter, dried out, kaput, andShow MoreRelatedAn Analysis of Langston Hughes Poem Harlem1520 Words   |  6 PagesPoems Harlem by Langston Hughes Thesis statement: Hughes wrote this when Jim Crow laws were still imposing an bitter segregated society in the South. There were still lynchings of innocent African Americans, there was no Civil Rights Movement, there was no Civil Rights legislation yet, and Blacks couldnt eat at lunch counters in the South. Harlem, however, was not at all like the South in terms of blatant, legal segregation. However, racism was very much in place in many places in America. 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The Culture Change After Wwi Free Essays

They are no longer having the sense of patriotism, and a lot of them move aboard to taste the expatriate lifestyle. They are lost in this world, and they do not know what to do. The literatures at this time period really reflect the idea of being lost. We will write a custom essay sample on The Culture Change After Wwi or any similar topic only for you Order Now The writers called themselves the lost generation. â€Å"The phrase was actually originated by the garage owner who repaired Stein’s which was a famous writer at that time car. When a young mechanic failed to repair the car In a way satisfactory to Stein the owner had shouted at him, â€Å"You are all a generation Purdue. Stein, In telling Hemingway the story added, ‘That Is what you are. That’s what you all are†¦ All of you young people who served In the war. You are a lost generation. † The term became very popular after Hemingway public his novel â€Å"the sun also rise†. Like Hemingway said † I was always embarrassed by the words sacred, glorious, and sacrifice.. I had seen nothing sacred, and the things that were glorious had no glory and he sacrifices were like the stockyards at Chicago if nothing was done with the meat except to bury it. † His book the sun also rises reflect the idea of expatriates and create the sense of lost. The main characters are mostly engage in heavily drinking. They work in the daytime, and drunk in the night time. They don’t think about their future, or they don’t know they do or do not have a future. There are a lot of famous writers belong to the lost generation Like F. Scott Fitzgerald, T. S Eliot, Gertrude Stein. In T. S Elite’s poem the waste land, he constantly reminded the readers that there Is no future on this land, and this land Is a abandon land. Similarly, F. Scott Fitzgerald wrote In his novel the side of paradise that this generation † Grown up to find all Gods dead, all wars ought, and all faiths in man shaken. † The war helped the rise of the black culture. The new Negro movement or the nowadays so called Harlem Renaissance was a black culture movement. It started at Harlem, a section of New York City which gathered one hundred and fifty thousand African American. African-American writers and artists gave voice here challenging the structures of American racial oppression, and show the potential of the black culture to the world. The movement was stared at the end of WWW, and ended in the start of the great depression. WWW created a lot of Job opportunity in the north, and his led to the migration of black people from the south which was known as the Great Migration. The black people gathered together at place like Harlem to form their own black community. After the war, soldiers return from the front, and competing job with the black people. Racial riots broke out in the north. The increase the Harlem renaissance. A lot of writers and artist saw this culture movement as a opportunity of uplifting the black culture, and gained more right to the African American. However, some writers and artists saw this movement was Just an expression of their native culture. How to cite The Culture Change After Wwi, Papers

Nursing for Leadership Model Witnessed - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theNursing for Leadership Model Witnessed. Answer: Approaches for Leadership Example of the Leadership Model Witnessed In a clinical setting, it becomes difficult to arrive at absolutely proper decisions if the subject has been sensitive for a while. Such situations are usually witnessed in the Department of Oncology. During clinical placements in the respective department, the manner, in which my senior registered nurses implemented a democratic style of leadership for effective care of their patients, could be identified. Their profiles as leaders in nursing team were authentic and they could effectively combine the interpersonal communication and planning to provide faster resolution to conflicts arising among cancer patients. In an Oncology Department, things are to be planned carefully through collective consultancy involving axillary nurses, technicians, doctors and radiologists prior to interaction with the patients who arrive at hospital. Specific Examples During the entire period of my stay at the healthcare environment, coordination was to be performed with Miss Phoebe who was the head of the nursing team for administering Chemotherapy. She was quite empathetic and fairly realized that things are dynamic when it comes to dealing with psychological disturbed patients and therefore she used to take each members advice before arriving at a decision regarding handling diversified patients. Description of the Approach Identification of the Leadership Approach As per my personal identification, it can certainly be opined that the kind of leadership approach she adopted was of democratic nature. She could prepare the entire team to deal with changes that are speculated in a nursing care for cancer. Things were not confined to the care only and the leadership model reflected within the education and research works also. I performed the exploration of management techniques from the initial phase of training itself to prepare myself professionally for similar situations in future (ONS, 2012). Explanation of its Key Features and Characteristics Democratic style of leadership is sometimes also termed as Participative leadership. There were various definitions framed for this particular kind of leadership seen among nurses. The definition changes as per the theories adhered to. Any effort to define a perfect model of democratic pattern is operationally inconsistent. Some of the key features in the pointed out leadership approaches are: Relatively Lesser Degree of Control over Subordinates than In case of Autocratic style when it comes to Work-Related Decisions Provision for Much Freedom for the Workplace Subordinates to Participate in Group Discussions. Emphasis on the Active Participation of the Group in Decision making Active Stimulation Among the Group During Participations and Discussions Collective Framing of Policies, Activities and Techniques that are required to cope with Any Kind of Tasks. Resemblance of the Leader as a Regular Member of the Group without Considerable Investment of Effort in the Work. Leaders Effort for Extension of Existing Knowledge and Competencies of the Team Members. Partial Resemblance of the Autocratic Behaviour in Highly-Specific Situations Where Accuracy is Critical Non-Directive Control over Members Actions and Bidirectional Flow of Communication (Neuss, et al 2013). From the past learning outcomes, it has been sufficiently understood that a democratic leader has high moral values in any kind of situation irrespective of gender perceptions and beliefs. Some argue that the democratic style of leadership is outweighed by the transformational one but the same might not be true. According to personal analysis, it can be revealed that the former do not result in low productivity rather the latter one may. The possible drawback can be the lengthy time consumed to decide over simple and short-termed executions. But the benefit leader brings among by encouraging volunteer efforts in its member far outweighs the drawbacks. A democratic leader notably demonstrates some desirable characteristics. He/she tends to be knowledgeable and stimulating and therefore can have high influence on the subordinates for accomplishing a task properly. Such leader observes winning in cooperation and often provides desirable consequences that are logical and situation-orient ed (Ray, et al 2012). Observation of Mentioned Key Features from the Clinical Practice The level of competencies and standards that Miss Phoebe demonstrated was commendable which are also required for effective administration of chemotherapy. Poor decision making skills while being in that setting can be impactful for any patient irrespective of his/her age or literacy factor. Chemotherapy can be costly and a patient might become extremely depressed post-realisation of any terminal illness. In such cases, Miss Phoebe has multiple times effectively demonstrated the participation of her patients and its family members for making medical decisions. During the clinical practice, it was observed that Miss Phoebe followed some preliminary procedures in case a patient refused treatment methods as prescribed by the doctor. Her procedure primarily reflected the effort to find out the cause for avoiding chemotherapies. This kind of situation truly indicates the sensitivity of a subject and therefore Miss Phoebe used to discuss with her team regarding the method of communication they were supposed to have with different patients. This implies a collective decision making and consultancy which are major characteristics of a democratic leader. A democratic leader is also participative in nature and the same was revealed when her intrapersonal skills were evaluated by colleagues and other healthcare professionals. She could build rapport with her patients with ease and thus succeeded in altering the medical decisions of her patients for positive health outcomes. This again implies that she is a democratic leader because of her active participation, which is a key characteristic of democratic leadership (Lanzoni, et al 2011). Self-Reflection Underlying Assumptions about the Suitable Role Carer, Patient and Health care Professional The cancer chemotherapy care that is being provided by both senior and junior registered nurses is assumed to be based on autonomously made decisions. It is an underlying assumption that all advocacies are performed in the best interest of the patient only and there is no medical obligation even if an illness has been evidently found to be terminal. In a technical aspect, chemotherapy is a person-centred approach as the nursing team and other care providers ensure that the patients maintain their optimism levels and stay psychologically and psychosocially stable. The underlying assumptions mentioned above are in context with the healthcare professionals. During the clinical practice with other senior nurses, it was learnt that testing of cell lines and studies related to animals act as determinants of efficacy and toxicity in anti-cancerous agents. Clinical trials still seem to be the only method for determining the same effect on humans. Thus it is assumed that patient plays the rol e of an experiment sample and new therapy are supposed to be adopted or brought into effect strictly only after multiple clinical researches. The underlying assumption in case of a clinical trial is that any clinical trial which is fairly conducted makes the agent worthy for testing. Other aspects are also considered practically like the population to be accessed, consideration of ethics while making nursing related decisions, competence level of fellow practitioners etc. The healthcare professionals have a big role to play as investigators. They are presumed to facilitate the implementation of study and adhere to such protocols that are designed for diagnosing the participants; in this case the participants are the patients that visit hospital premises for screening of cancer symptoms. For effectively operating within the clinical setting of an oncology department, there is strong need of some other operational assumptions. The definition of an Oncologist should not be generic but rather confined to such a physician who perceives the treatment of cancer patient as his/her primary responsibility. Such a domain of physician can include the surgeons, haematologists and the oncologists themselves. As Chemotherapy is strongly guided by scientific protocols, some aspects like eligibility criteria of patient, toxicity related modification of dose, informed consent and confidentiality of records are supposed to be concerning. Thus the nursing care can be moulded into a person-centred care with regards to the psychological sensitivity of patients in different age groups. The procedures for nursing care in Chemotherapy are compatible with the principles of person-centred care. Contribution towards Quality Health Care Multiple researches have been conducted in the past that evidently reveal that a person-centred care model can be more fruitful in the department of oncology to provide patients with holistic healthcare services. The principles of person-centred care can be incorporated into a comprehensive manner of cancer management program that might be on-going or is about to commence in future. By adopting PCC, the approach becomes integrative and therefore additional focus is given to the patients quality of life apart from the fundamental therapeutic regimens. According to Nandini et al (2011), a cancer management program which is based on principles of palliative care can enhance the patients who are usually in their terminal illness. The practice of Person-centred care is not recognised in a wider zone because of the already established medical training, culture and clinical practice that has ingrained into the socio fabric. Typically in institutions that are concerned with tertiary care of cancer-related illness, the needs and desires of patients are wrongly interpreted to be mere interventions that could modify any disease. The conventional system of relief against cancer symptoms is designed by means of a team of oncologists and palliative care specialists. A PCC-reflective oncology program would be highly interactive and help in holistic assessment of patients needs and concerns. PCC shall also make it possible to provide suitable and precise inputs from professionals hailing from multidisciplinary teams within the oncology departments. Moreover, the medical care for each patient will be a compassionate and a continued one. Subsequently the existing culture can also be altered to carry out systematic record processing and enhance the medical care services. Opportunities for Nurses who are Graduates The person-centred program will provide great opportunities for the graduate nurses to develop their leadership skills while conditioning them to operate in a practical setting. The graduate nurses will be working with the multidisciplinary teams associated with Oncological departments and they can perform networking with the prevailing healthcare service on a regular basis. This is obviously a part of the healthcare environment which is a big benefit for the nurses to practically implement their theoretical concepts gained over academic years. The group policy can also be enhanced through a PCC approach if each nurse performs focused interaction in a regular manner. This is because collaborative interaction among members is a crucial step towards building of an effective team. Person-centred approach can also assist graduate nurses in gaining an insight of patients needs and priorities. In-depth communication or subtle connections can bridge the level of trust a patient has on nurse s. The organisational reputation and regards for nurses can also rise among patients if the latter are provided with autonomy for medical decisions. Operational strategies shall help the graduate nurses to build their professional competence as a necessary factor for delivering holistic care. PCC-approach might help to achieve this if specific training activities are targeted towards the graduate nurses and if the same is incorporated into the existing program associated with oncological trainings. Contribution towards quality health care will certainly reflect within a short period if the attitudes and skills for palliative nursing are built up within the graduates. Precisely, that would be a gross building in the field capacity of those nurses. Person-centred care is usually followed by recruitment of a specialist who can rectify the common mistakes and turn the human assets to something more valuable (Kulig, et al 2016). Critical Evaluation of the Knowledge and Skills Gained and Development of Early Career Plan 1st person Aspiring Nursing Role Within the first 12 to 24 months of my professional career, I would certainly like to apply for the job role of a palliative nurse. This is because the chosen alternative opens more opportunities to refine my professional as well as personal skills. I will be operating in a practical setting along with a multi-disciplinary team that has high chances of providing me with extended areas of operations apart from my core competence. By performing informed and consistent interactions with healthcare professionals from various disciplines, my horizon will get widened and I shall become more dynamic than I am at a present stage. I can also contribute towards improvement in the policies and compliance procedure that are associated with regulation of quality in hospitals. Also, a PCC approach would help me to improve my rapport building abilities and I can connect with my patients in a holistic manner thereby establishing deeper level of connection with them. This is an indirect way to enhanc e my understanding of patients and their needs priorities without having them invest much. By working in a multi-specialized team, I can also efficiently stay uninfluenced from cases of incidents that are individual based and start building analytical mind for the wider solutions. Last but not the least, by practicing a Person-centred based delivery of nursing service, I can connect with people from diversified groups and my theoretical interpretations will not be limited as I shall be getting to interact with more subjects of interests. All these will definitely skyrocket my professional experiences as a nurse in different environment (Han, et al 2010). Two Factors Considerable for Transitioning to the New Role To be able to operate efficiently in the Palliative Unit, as a Graduate nurse it is important to consider 2 factors in a serious manner. As it is observed in the palliative unit that there is a dominant strength of such patients there are already suffering from poor physical and emotional outcomes. The indicators of service quality can be accessed if these patients are delivered with fast actions. It is equally important to gain a fair command over Hospice which is a highly customized palliative care for patients in their last phase of life or those in their terminal phase of illness. The two most considerable factors are as follows: The assessment of patients must be comprehensive when it comes to different dimensions including the physical status, the psychological conditions, belief systems, patients spirituality and his/her social interpretations. Even the Hospice needs to be a comprehensive one. The emotional needs should be additionally documented apart from a comprehensive assessment of overall dimensions of patient (Roth-Rochester, 2015). The screening procedures meant for diagnosing patients for symptoms should be as accurate as they can be. The screening is counted for issues pertaining to shortness of breath, vomiting nausea and pains in different parts of the body. Issues can be well documented only when the interpersonal skills of a palliative nurse are at par with the doctors with regards to understand the issues that have been verbally provided by a patient or subject. References Han, P.K. and Rayson, D., 2010. The coordination of primary and oncology specialty care at the end of life. Journal of the National Cancer Institute Monographs, 2010(40), pp.31-37. Kulig, J.C., Kilpatrick, K., Moffitt, P. and Zimmer, L., 2016. Rural and remote nursing practice: An updated documentary analysis. University of Northern British Columbia School of Nursing. Lanzoni, G.M.D.M. and Meirelles, B.H.S., 2011. Leadership of the nurse: an integrative literature review. Revista latino-americana de enfermagem, 19(3), pp.651-658. Nandini, V., Sridhar, C.N., Usharani, M.R., Kumar, J.P. and Salins, N., 2011. Incorporating person centred care principles into an ongoing comprehensive cancer management program: an experiential account. Indian journal of palliative care, 17(Suppl), p.S61. Neuss, M.N., Polovich, M., McNiff, K., Esper, P., Gilmore, T.R., LeFebvre, K.B., Schulmeister, L. and Jacobson, J.O., 2013. 2013 updated American Society of Clinical Oncology/Oncology Nursing Society chemotherapy administration safety standards including standards for the safe administration and management of oral chemotherapy. Journal of Oncology Practice, 9(2S), pp.5s-13s. Oncology Nurse Society, 2012. LEADERSHIP COMPETENCIES. Retrieved 20 September 2017 from https://www.ons.org/sites/default/files/leadershipcomps.pdf Ray, S.A.R.B.A.P.R.I.Y.A. and Ray, I.A., 2012. Understanding Democratic Leadership: Some Key Issues And Perception With Reference To Indias Freedom Movement. Afro Asian Journal of Social Sciences, 3(3.1), pp.1-26. Roth-Rochester, C., 2015. In palliative care, these 10 factors matter most. Retrieved 20 September 2017 from https://www.futurity.org/palliative-care-858232/

Transformational Leadership in Taiwans Transition free essay sample

He once studied in Kyoto University when Taiwan was then part of Japan. After World War II, after the Republic of China (ROC) took over Taiwan, Lee enrolled in National Taiwan University and received his B. S. degree in agricultural science. He earned his M. S. degree in agricultural economics from the Iowa State University, and a Ph. D. in agricultural economics from Cornell University. Lee’s life experience has not only given him an open-minded heart, but produced him â€Å"a spiritual passion made up of equal parts Zen Buddhist philosophy and nineteenth-century Western anti-rationalism†, so writes Dr. Richard C. Kagan, the author of the book. From the book, Lee can best be described as a pragmatic democrat; in other words, while possessing a general sense of the ideals of democracy, he was ready to compromise them when he felt it necessary for his political survival. Most importantly, he possessed the necessary abilities to maximize his leadership role. We will write a custom essay sample on Transformational Leadership in Taiwans Transition or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He was able to set the agenda, to build coalitions, to mobilize the public, to select the timing of actions, to make use of the resources of the system, to foster a discourse of legitimacy, and to maintain a balance among contradictory forces. All of these showed Lee’s flexible social skills and enabled him not only to maintain the dominant status of the KMT (Kuomintang, the Nationalist Party) much longer into the process than would have been expected, but also to exert influence on subsequent political developments through new means. Some studies combined the goal-oriented and the tactical analyses to give a picture of Lee as a â€Å"transformational leader†. As society transformed, Lee transformed along with it, and he matched himself to the societys needs at each period. On the one hand, he was channeled by changing circumstances and, at the same time, he affected the direction and pace of change. Accommodating himself to shifting conditions, the relative priority he assigned to furthering substantive goals or to building his own position varied over time, as did his strategies for achieving both ends. Lee has great extraversion and conscientiousness in his personality. He asserted near the end of his term that he had three major goals as president: democratization, localization, and strengthening Taiwans international status. All of these goals were Taiwan-centered, based on its specific history. Through the Japanese colonial rule and the KMT authoritarian regime, Taiwan had never experienced true democracy, nor had the Taiwanese people, even the elites, ever been in control of their own affairs. As a result of the China-centric agenda of the KMT, and, in particular, its claim to represent all of China in the international arena, Taiwan had been excluded from the United Nations since 1971 and lost most of its formal diplomatic recognition, throwing it into an international limbo. Lee had referred to these elements collectively as the sorrow of being a Taiwanese, and he later stated that his historical mission was to reverse all of them. His charisma, assertions, and vision made Taiwan’s people â€Å"see the future† and have the motive to change, which is in accordance with 4 I’s in Transformational Leadership Model. In short, Lee is a transformational leader with transformational leadership style. Despite the page limitation, I still would like to mention the most important accomplishment for me during his presidency: apology for the 228 massacre. The 228 Massacre was led by the ROC government. It is believed that estimates of the number of deaths can be up to 100,000 or more, which is a quite considerable number compared to the population of Taiwan, around 6 million, at that time. This incident snuffed out the hope of Taiwan’s people that they might be allowed to set up their own government after Japanese empire collapsed and gave the rulership to the ROC government in 1945. It also marked the beginning of the KMTs White Terror period in Taiwan, in which tens of thousands more inhabitants died, vanished, or were imprisoned. The 228 massacre has been a taboo for decades even until now, and become one of the most important events in Taiwans modern history. On the anniversary of the event in 1995, Lee made a formal apology on behalf of the government: As the head of state, bearing the burden of mistakes made by the government and expressing the most sincere apology, I believe that with your forgiving hearts, we are able to transform the sadness into armony and peace. February 28 was also declared a day to commemorate the victims since then. It cannot be denied that Lee Teng-Hui has played a pivotal role in Taiwans political development, once again proving that leadership is a critical factor in democratization. Indeed, his remarkable political skills enabled him to influence the rules of the game and thus become an independent variable, a â€Å"transformational leader. During his twelve years as president, Lee oversaw the remarkable progress of Taiwan from an authoritarian regime to a new free-wheeling democracy, while sustaining high levels of economic growth and social stability. Strikingly, Lee and the KMT were able to successfully remain in power throughout the transition, leading many observers to treat the outcome as predetermined. However, the historical record shows that it was not, but that many specific factors, including the manner in which Lee maneuvered to maintain his position, created the conditions for this process. Lee balanced his three primary goals of democratization, localization, and strengthening Taiwans international status with the necessities of acquiring and keeping political power. He used a variety of tactics, including shifts in both his alliances and in his discourse, managing to maintain different equilibrium points at each key juncture. Although Taiwan under Lee succeeded in ending the authoritarian in old regime, the new democracy thus formed remains not fully consolidated, and Lees legacy is still evolving in the â€Å"post-Lee Teng-Hui era. †